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Berthing Structures

Berthing structures include piers, pier heads, wharves, jetties, and docks. Piers are built perpendicular to shore and extend into shallow water to allow ships to berth close to shore. Pier heads are located at harbor entrances and experience more force from waves. Wharves are platforms near shore for ships to berth and provide a working area connecting the ship to land. Jetties extend from shore out to deeper water to allow ships to berth. Docks are enclosed areas that keep ships at a constant water level to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo. Wet docks are for berthing, while dry docks are used for ship repairs.

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775 views15 pages

Berthing Structures

Berthing structures include piers, pier heads, wharves, jetties, and docks. Piers are built perpendicular to shore and extend into shallow water to allow ships to berth close to shore. Pier heads are located at harbor entrances and experience more force from waves. Wharves are platforms near shore for ships to berth and provide a working area connecting the ship to land. Jetties extend from shore out to deeper water to allow ships to berth. Docks are enclosed areas that keep ships at a constant water level to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo. Wet docks are for berthing, while dry docks are used for ship repairs.

Uploaded by

nithesh kumar j
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Berthing Structures-

1. Piers
2. Pier head
3. Wharf
4. Jetty
5. Docks
 Piers-
The structure which are built perpendicular
to the shore of a sea are known as piers In the
sea, the piers are constructed where the sea is
not deep and the natural harbour is not
convenient for allowing the ships to berth
adjacent to the shore. In many cases, the piers
are constructed with piles, columns and braces
leaving good space for the ocean current to
flow without causing any obstruction.
 Pier heads-
A pier head is at the entrance to a harbour and
as it is expose on three sides, it is subject to
more shock than a breakwater.
 Wharf-

The landing places or platforms built near


shore for vessels to berth are known as
wharves. Thus, a wharf affords a working
platform alongside the ship in continuity of the
shore.

The level of wharf should be above the high


water level, but at the same time, it should be
economical to load the vessels when the water
level is low.
Wharf
 Jetties-
These are structure in the form of pilled
projections. They are built from the shore to
the deep water. They may be constructed in
the sea or in a navigable river.

In the sea, jetties are provided where


harbour entrance is affected by littoral drift or
the sea is shallow for a long distance. The
jetties extend from the shore to the deep sea
to receive the ship.
 Difference between wharf and jetty-
A started earlier, a jetty is a piled projection
from shore to deep water to berth vessels along
side. Some times a piled projection parallel to
the shore is called a wharf.

 Thus we may say that a jetty differs from a


wharf as follows:
a)The wharf is a berth parallel to the shore,
where as a jetty is perpendicular to the shore
or break water.
b)The wharf has berth on one side only as it has
a back fill of earth. A jetty may have berths on
two faces.
 Docks
1. Docks are enclosed areas for berthing the
ships to keep them afloat at a uniform level
to facilitate loading and unloading cargo.
2. A marine structure for berthing of vessels for
loading and unloading cargo and passengers.
3. Necessary for discharging of the cargo
4. As ships require a number of days for
discharging cargo, during which period they
need a uniform water level.
If ship is subjected to a vertical movement by
the tides, great inconvenience will be felt in
lifting the cargo from the ship and special
arrangement will be needed for lifting the
cargo.
 Docks can be classified into following two
categories:
 Wet docks.
 Dry docks.
Wet docks-

• Docks required for berthing of ships or vessels


to facilitate the loading and unloading of
passengers and cargo are called wet docks.
• These are also known as harbor docks.
 Dry docks

• The docks used for repairs of ships are known


as dry docks.
• It is long excavated chamber, having side walls,
a semi circular end wall and a floor.
• The open end of the chamber is provided with
a gate and acts as the entrance to the dock.

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