Barriers to Effective Communication

• Process Barriers: involve all components of the

perceptual model of communication
• Personal Barriers: involve components of an
individual’s communication competence and
interpersonal dynamics between people
communicating
• Physical Barriers: pertain to the physical
distance between people communicating
• Semantic Barriers: relate to the different
understanding and interpretations of the
words we use to communicate
• For class discussion: Which of the barriers to
effective communication is the most difficult
to deal with? Explain.
 Listening Styles

Results-style: Interested in the

bottom line or result of a
message.

Reasons-style: Interested in
hearing the rationale behind a
message.

Process-style: Likes to discuss

issues in detail.
 TWO PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is an on-going,
dynamic, transactional process

(Two models of Communication)

 Self-Concept Circle

1. The person I
think I am. As I See
My Actions
Myself

2. The person others

think I am.

As Others Other’s Reactions

See Me to Me
3. The person others think
I think I am.
 Definitions
• Self-concept: Picture or perception of
ourselves

• Self Esteem: Feelings we have about

ourselves

• Self-ideal: The way we would like to be

 Models of Communication

LINEAR MODEL

S M R

Noise TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

S/R R/S
M/F

Context/Environment
 TWO PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is an on-going,
dynamic, transactional process
(Two Models of Communication)

2. It is impossible to NOT communicate

(Five Types of Communication)
 FIVE TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal

Interpersonal

Small Group
Public

Mass
STAGES OF LISTENING
1. Hearing
2. Selecting
3. Attending
4. Understanding
5. Evaluating
6. Remembering
7. Responding
TYPES OF LISTENING

Listening for enjoyment

Listening for information
Empathic listening
Critical / evaluative listening