Opening Prayer

Dear Lord,
We come to you in the spirt of learning,
Humility and love. We are grateful
For this opportunity to learn from each other
And grow closer in our faith.
We ask that you bless our time together as we
Explore the teaching of Jesus Christ.
In Jesus’ name,
Amen
Checking of Attendance
 NARRATION
Techniques to Develop Character Through Dialogue

Vocabulary of the Interpreter

Action, Plot, Crisis, and Conflict as they Relate to the Narrative

PRINCESS ANN R. PORTERIA BELEN B. PILI, Ed.D

Discussant Professor
______ ______ ______ _______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
 Narration
nar·ra·tion /nəˈrāSH(ə)n/
noun

- the act or process of narrating a story especially in

chronological order, as the story is narrated in a poem or the
exposition of drama to an audience.
 Dialogue
 
- is spoken interaction
between at least two
characters who are
communicating with one
another, typically out loud.
 Importance of Dialogue

● Dialogue reveals what type of people or what type of person

character is.
● Dialogue makes the story interesting.
● Without dialogue, readers/listeners will not know the
characters and their personalities, emotions, and why they do
what they do in the story.
● Without dialogue, the story will simply be a narration.
Techniques to Develop
Character Through
Dialogue
1. Reads Your
Dialogue Out Loud
- readingyour dialogue aloud
means you experience your story
in a completely new way. Listen
to your sentences as you read
aloud. This helps to correct any
missed spelling mistakes or
grammar as well as context. 
2. Use Body Language to
Enhance Your Dialogue
-portraying your character’s
body language through facial
expressions, body postures, and
body movements to describe
precisely what your character is
experiencing. 
Why it’s important to layer in body language to your
dialogue.

● When used from time to time, it makes the story interesting to the
reader.
● Body language in a dialogue gives the character a facial expression
and posture.
● Body language in dialogue also creates a scenic description. 
● By including body language in a dialogue, you make the story run
smoothly without much explanation.
● In body language through the dialogue, you don’t need to name what
the character is feeling. Body language already explains what the
character is feeling to the reader.
● A writer can use body language in a dialogue to totally immerse the
3. Make characters’ voices reflect
their place and time
● great dialogue illustrates its speakers. Who is this
person? Why do they speak this way? What odd curse
words or phrases do they use that are particular to their
era or home town?
● Dialogue executed well develops characters, adding
rich texture to the personalities filling your story. One
way to make dialogue effective is to have it reflect
your characters’ place and time.
 SONNET 73

That time of year thou mayst in me behold

When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou seest the twilight of such day
To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
4. Show characters’ unique
personalities in their speech
What do we mean when we talk about a character’s ‘voice’?
‘Voice’ in characterization refers to two things:

● The actual way a person’s voice sounds to the ear (details such
as pitch, volume, placement (is it nasal or throaty?) and tone.
● The personality that comes across in how a character expresses
themselves. Do they seem blunt and bolshie? Or is their voice
gentle, kind and reserved?
5. Show how characters’ speech changes
according to their situation
A character’s speech should change according to the situation
they’re in.

If we spoke with one limited range of vocabulary and

intonation all the time, we’d be boring speakers. Consider
what speech might reveal about your character under duress. 
6. Remember that less is more

- With a “less is more” mentality, you

can cut out unnecessary bits of
dialogue (the “boring bits”) and focus
on making sure the dialogue
you do keep matters.
Casablanca
The Godfather
It’s a Wonderful Night
 Vocabulary of the Interpreter

Vocabulary
A sum or stock of words
employed by a language,
group, individual, or work or
in a field of knowledge
Interpreter
An interpreter is someone
who translates something to
make it understandable,
usually spoken language. 
Reasons Why a Good Vocabulary is Important
for an Interpreter

1. To persuade others
2. To increase level of confidence
3. To generally articulate well
4. To Communicate Ideas
5. Express Yourself
 Action, Plot, Crisis, and Conflict as they
Relate to the Narrative
Action
Action is the mode that fiction writers
use to show what is happening at any
given moment in the story.
Crisis
Story crisis is the moment where your protagonist is
placed into such a tight spot that he or she has to
choose, and importantly, that decision carries so
much weight that there is no turning back from it.
Plot
Plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the
next one through the principle of cause-and-effect.
Conflict
Conflict is a major literary element of narrative or 
dramatic structure that creates challenges in a story by
adding uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved
While dialogue is the element that brings
a story and its characters to life, and
narrative gives the story its depth and
substance, action creates the movement
within a story.
  Action means that the protagonist either
comes into contact with another character or
encounters an obstacle or makes an effort to
reach a goal or does something in the world
of the story that is significant and moves the
story forward.
 Action, Plot, Crisis, and Conflict as they
Relate to the Narrative
Action
Action is the mode that fiction writers
use to show what is happening at any
given moment in the story.
Crisis
Story crisis is the moment where your protagonist is
placed into such a tight spot that he or she has to
choose, and importantly, that decision carries so
much weight that there is no turning back from it.
Plot
Plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the
next one through the principle of cause-and-effect.
Conflict
Conflict is a major literary element of narrative or 
dramatic structure that creates challenges in a story by
adding uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved
The plot of a story is the sequence of events
that shape a broader narrative, with every
event causing or affecting each other. In other
words, plot is a series of causes-and-effects
which shape the story as a whole.
 Elements of Plot
1.Exposition
2.Rising Action
3.Climax
4.Falling Action
5.Resolution/Denouement
 Action, Plot, Crisis, and Conflict as they
Relate to the Narrative
Action
Action is the mode that fiction writers
use to show what is happening at any
given moment in the story.
Crisis
Story crisis is the moment where your protagonist is
placed into such a tight spot that he or she has to
choose, and importantly, that decision carries so
much weight that there is no turning back from it.
Plot
Plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the
next one through the principle of cause-and-effect.
Conflict
Conflict is a major literary element of narrative or 
dramatic structure that creates challenges in a story by
adding uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved
A story crisis is drama.
Crises are the foundation of your story.
Crises are questions, they're dilemmas, and
since they're happening in a character's head,
they usually occur “off screen.” 
 Action, Plot, Crisis, and Conflict as they
Relate to the Narrative
Action
Action is the mode that fiction writers
use to show what is happening at any
given moment in the story.
Crisis
Story crisis is the moment where your protagonist is
placed into such a tight spot that he or she has to
choose, and importantly, that decision carries so
much weight that there is no turning back from it.
Plot
Plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the
next one through the principle of cause-and-effect.
Conflict
Conflict is a major literary element of narrative or 
dramatic structure that creates challenges in a story by
adding uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved
Conflict is a major literary element of
narrative or dramatic structure that
creates challenges in a story by adding
uncertainty as to whether the goal will
be achieved.
● In works of narrative, conflict is the challenge main
characters need to solve to achieve their goals.

● Conflict may be internal or external—that is, it may

occur within a character's mind or between a
character and exterior forces, (or point(s) of view).

● Conflict is most visible between two or more

characters, usually a protagonist and
an antagonist/enemy/villain, but can occur in many
different forms. 
 Types of Conflict

1.Man VS Man
2.Man VS Nature
3.Man VS Self
4.Man VS Society
 Man VS Man
"Man against man" conflict involves stories where characters are
against each other.
 
One example of the "man against man" conflict is the relationship
struggles between the protagonist and the antagonist stepfather
in This Boy's Life. Other examples include Dorothy's struggles
with the Wicked Witch of the West in 
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Tom Sawyer's confrontation
with Injun Joe in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
 Man VS Nature

● "Man against nature" conflict is an external struggle

positioning the character against an animal or a 
force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.
The "man against nature" conflict is central to 
Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea,
where the protagonist contends against a marlin.
 Man VS Self

● With "man against self" conflict, the struggle is

internal. A character must overcome their own
nature or make a choice between two or more paths
—good and evil; logic and emotion. A serious
example of "man against himself" is offered by 
Hubert Selby Jr.'s 1978 novel Requiem for a Dream,
which centers around stories of addiction.
 Man VS Society

Where man stands against a man-made institution

(such as slavery or bullying), "man against man"
conflict may shade into "man against society”. In such
stories, characters are forced to make moral choices
or frustrated by social rules in meeting their own
goals. The Handmaid's Tale, 
The Man in the High Castle and Fahrenheit 451 are
examples of "man against society" conflicts
 Activity!
Scenario 1

Alexa caught her friend Jamie stealing from

a classmate. Now, Alexa must choose
between keeping her friendship with Jamie
and doing the right thing.
Scenario 2

Vanessa makes an art project protesting police

brutality. Her art teacher loves the project and tries
to feature it in the town art show, but the county
commission rejects the project. Now Vanessa, her
art teacher are going to fight for the freedom of
expression.
Scenario 3

Jimmy and Eric compete for the same

position on the Student Organization
Presidency.
Scenario 4

Alex and Scott are out at sea on a small fishing

boat flips over and sinks during the storm, Alex
and Scott struggle to make it back to the shore. Just
when they think that things can’t get any worse,
they see a shark fin circling them.
Thank you!