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ACCUMULATOR
Chandan Nagaraja
1RV08ME021
R.V.College of Engineering,
OVERVIEW
Introduction
History
Types of Hydraulic Accumulator
Functions of Accumulator
Accumulator design consideration
Application
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
A Hydraulic Accumulator is energy storage device.
It is pressure storage reservoir in which a non-compressible
hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an external source.
The external source used can be a spring, a raised weight,
or a compressed gas.
The main reasons that an accumulator is used in a hydraulic
system, is that the pump doesn’t need to be so large to
cope with extremes of demand and supply circuit can
respond quickly to any temporary demand and to smooth
pulsation.
HISTORY
First Hydraulic accumulator was made by
William Armstrong in 1846 built a crane
powered by water of town mains at
Newcastle, United Kingdom.
4. Spring accumulator
1. TOWER TYPE ACCUMULATOR
The first accumulators for
Armstrong’s hydraulic dock
machinery were simple raised water
tower.
It uses hydraulic head
It delivers constant pressure to the
output
LIMITATIONS :
LIMITATIONS :
Compressed ratio is limited,
approximately 4:1
Bladder failure.
b) DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
A similar to bladder type, expect an elastomeric
diaphragm is used in place of a bag.
This would typically reduce the usable volume of the
accumulator, so the diaphragm accumulator may not
have volume capacity of a bladder accumulator.
Diaphragm accumulator may be spherical or cylindrical.
The main difference with bladder accumulator is an
increased maximum compression ratio of approximately
8:1
It is low weight, compact design and good for shock
applications (good response characteristics)
DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
c) PISTON TYPE ACCUMULATOR
This accumulator consists of a cylinder assembly, a
piston assembly, and two end-cap assemblies.
LIMITATIONS :
Response time is more
High cost External
External
4. Spring type accumulator
It uses the energy stored in springs to create a constant
force on the liquid contained in an adjacent ram assembly.
The load characteristics of a spring are such that the energy
storage depends on the force required to compress s spring.
The free (uncompressed) length of a spring represents zero
energy storage.
As a spring is compressed to the maximum installed length,
high pressure value of the liquid in a ram assembly is
established.
As liquid under pressure enters the ram cylinder, causing a
spring to compress, the pressure on the liquid will rise
because of the increased loading required to compress the
spring.
Spring loaded accumulator
It acts according to Hook’s law, magnitude of the force
exerted by the spring is linearly proportional to its extension.
HYDARULIC SYMBOLS
HYDARULIC SYMBOLS
FUNCTIONS : Where are accumulators used?
Accumulators can be applied creatively in any number of situations, including:
Accumulator
Pressure-
Hydraulic Discharge valve, electric
relief
Symbol (optional)
valve
Manifold Block Gauge
P-port port
Shut-off valve
ACCUMULATOR DESIGN CONSIDERATION :
(What must I know to size and select an accumulator?)
Accumulator type
Accumulator volume
Nominal hydraulic system pressure
Minimum and Maximum hydraulic system pressure
Pre-charge pressure
Required flow rate
Output volume capacity
Recharge time
Response time
Fluid type
CALACULATIONS
Pressures :
For the calculation of an accumulator, the following pressures are of decisive significance:
p0 = gas charge pressure at room temperature
and drained fluid chamber
p0 (t ) = gas charge pressure at operating temperature
p0 (tmax) = gas charge pressure at max. operating temperature
p1 = minimum operating pressure
p2 = maximum operating pressure
pm = medium operating pressure
V0 = nominal capacity of the accumulator
To achieve the best possible utilization of the accumulator capacity and a long service life, it is
recommended that the following values be adhered to:
p0 (tmax) ≈0.9* p1 (1)
The highest hydraulic pressure should not exceed the quadruple of the pre-charge pressure;
otherwise, the elasticity of the bladder is overstressed and excessive variations in the compression
result in strong heating up of the gas:
p2 ≤ 4 * p0 (2)
Cont………
a) In the case of isothermal changes of state of gases, that is, when the gas buffer changes
so slowly that enough time is available for a complete heat exchange between the nitrogen and its
surroundings and the temperature therefore remains constant, the following is valid:
p0 • V0 =(3.1)
p1 • V1 = p2 • V2
b) In the case of an adiabatic change of state, that is, with a rapid change of the gas buffer, in
which the temperature of the nitrogen changes as well, the following is valid:
In practice, changes in state rather follow adiabatic laws. Charging is often isothermal, discharging
adiabatic.
Oil volume : Pressures p0 … p2 determine gas volumes V0 … V2. Here, V0 is also the nominal
capacity of the accumulator. The available oil volume V corresponds to the difference between gas
volumes V1 and V2:
dV ≤ V1 – V2 (4)
Calculation of the useful volume of the
accumulator.
On the basis of the hydraulic cylinder the useful volume of the
hydraulic accumulator (V)can be calculated according to following
formula…
+
Cylinder assembly
4/3 directional
valve with solenoid
actuation
PRV
Check measuring
valve jar
Accumulator
safety block
Hydro electric
for
Pressure Switch
diaphragm-
type
Leakage Oil Compensation circuit & Shortening Time circuit
of Stroke Time
CONCLUSION
So what are the benefits of using accumulators?
Lower installed system costs, accumulator assisted hydraulics
can reduce the size of the pump and electric motor which results
in a smaller amount of oil used, a smaller reservoir and reduced
equipment costs.