Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science &

Technology University, Gopalganj

 
TO MY PRESENTATION
Direct and Indirect Band Gap Materials

SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY Dr. Mohammad Asaduzzaman Khan
Sumon Mahmud Lecturer
ID: 16EEE002 Department Of EEE
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OUTLINES
 Classification of solids based on bandgap
 Photon generation by recombination process
 Materials band diagram
 Direct bandgap semi-conductor
 The Use of direct bandgap semi-conductor
 Indirect bandgap semi-conductor
 The Use indirect bandgap semi-conductor

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 Classification Of Solids Based On Bandgap

Bandgap

Insulators: Semiconductor Conductors Or metals

Bandgap>3eV Bandgap<=1eV No Bandgap
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 Photon Generation By Recombination Process

Electrons recombination with holes

Electron jumping from Higher energy level to

lower energy level it release energy in form of photon.

Electron recombine with hole and produce electro

magnetic radiation and this is called electron hole pair
recombination

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 Materials Band Diagram

Electron momentum is mv
Electron has quantum behaviour, so the momentum is P ħk
and the energy of electron is E E A
Here, k= momentum vector

The energy of the is parabola

The energy of the hole is inverted parabola

Two thinks must happen

Energy conservation law

Momentum conservation law

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 Direct Bandgap Semi-conductor
 Minimum energy of conduction band and
maximum energy of valence band appear at the
same value of wave vector "K". (i.e k=0)

 Both energy and momentum of electrons will be

conserved.

 An electron from conduction band can

recombine with a hole in the valence band
directly emitting a light photon of energy 'hu’.
 Examples: GaAs, InP, PbS,GaN etc.

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 The Use of Direct Bandgap Semi-conductor

They are useful for the photovoltaic devices like

Solar cell, Phototransistors,

LED LASER,

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 Indirect Bandgap Semi-conductor

 Minimum energy of conduction band and maximum

energy of valence band appears at different values of
wave vector ”k”.

 The momentum of electron will not be conserved

 Phonon will be created or absorbed

 An electron from conduction band can recombine with

a hole in the valence band by creation or anhelation of
phonons. Here, there is no emission of light photon.
 Example: Si, Ge or group 14 number atom in periodic
table

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 The Use of Indirect Bandgap Semi-conductor

 Lifetime of charge carriers is more.

 Used to amplify the signals as in transistors and rectifier diodes.

 Indirect gap materials are used in photodiode detector

photodiode detector

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THANK YOU ALL
HAVE ANY QUESTION

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