• Use:

• Talk about experiences in our lives.

• E.g. I’ve visited Spain.
• Give new information.
• E.g. Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
• To show that there is connection with now. (The action in the past
has a result now.)
• E.g. I’ve lost my key. (I don’t have it now.)
• To say something is the( first, second, third…etc.) time has happened.
• E.g. Aram is having a driving lesson. It’s his first time.
• It’s the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
• He has never driven a car before.
• Sarah has lost her passport again. This is a second time this has
happened.(not happens)
• Bill is phoning his friend again. That’s the third time he’s phoned him
this evening.
A diagram of usage the Present Perfect Simple

• 1. We use the Present Perfect for actions in the past

which have a connection to the present. The time
when these actions happened is not important.
• I have cleaned my room. ( The room is cleaned we
are not concerned when it was done.)
• 2. We use the Present Perfect for recently
completed actions with a present result.
• I have just run a marathon. (It is finished but the
result – out of breath – can be seen.)
• 3. We use the Present Perfect for actions beginning
in the past and still continuing.
• I have lived here for 10 years.
 Structure:
• Affirmative:
• Subject + have/has + past participle.
• They have done their homework.
• Negative:
• Subject + have/has NOT + past participle.
• They have not(haven’t) done their homework.
• Interrogative:
• Have/has + subject + past participle?
• Have they done their homework?
 Adverbs in Present Perfect
• Ever: Question, to ask about experience in the past.
• E.g. Have you ever been to China?
• Never: Positive, but negative meaning.
• E.g. I’ve never eaten mango.
• Just: (Short time ago), recent completed actions.
• E.g. My friend has just registered for a yoga class.
• Still: Negative sentences, to say that the situation of the action hasn’t change.
• E.g. She still hasn't replied to my email. Maybe she's on holiday.
• Already: Positive sentences, means 'before now'. We use it to emphasis that
something happened before something else or earlier than expected.
• E.g. We've already had our breakfast.
• Yet: (Not now) something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened.
We usually put it at the end of a sentence. Use in negative and question
sentences.
• E.g. A: Where's Sam? B: He hasn't arrived yet.
• Has the post arrived yet?
•
 Present perfect with Since and For
For and Since are used with the present perfect to indicate time.
• For
• We use for to talk about a period of time: We can define a period of time before now by considering its duration, with
for + a period of time.
• FOR + A PERIOD OF TIME
• for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours
• I have worked here for five years.

• Since
• We use since to talk about a specific point in time, or a time when the action started (by considering its starting
point).
• SINCE + A POINT IN TIME
(last year, June 8, this morning, last week, yesterday, I was a child, Wednesday, 9 o'clock...)
• We have learnt Spanish here since 2002.