Types of Mirrors

Spherical Mirror
Plane Mirror
 Properties of Image Formed by Plane Mirror
Location:
Behind the mirror

Orientation:
Upright but with Laterally
Inverted (Left-Right)
Size:
Image size/height is the same as the
object
Type of Image
Virtual Image
 Lesson Objectives
This lesson will predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type
and magnification) of images formed by curved mirrors and lenses

1. Investigate the reflection and refraction properties of lights

2. Apply ray diagramming technique in describing images formed by

mirrors and lenses

3. Distinguish between converging and diverging mirror and lens

4. Describe and use mirror and lens equations in predicting the

characteristics and position of an image formed by mirror and lenses
Spherical Mirror
 Types of Spherical Mirrors
Concave Mirror of Converging Mirror Light
It has a reflective surface that is curved
inward and away from the light source
It reflects light inward to a focal point

Convex Mirror of Diverging Mirror “Fish Eye” Mirror

A curved mirror in which the reflective
surface bulges towards the light source
It reflects light outward, therefore they
are used to focus light
 Graphical Method

Object

C F V
Image
Three Important Points to Graphical Method
Concave Mirror

Principal Axis
C r F V
Center of Curvature (C) – The center of the sphere of which the
mirror is part. Its distance from the mirror is known as the radius (r)

Vertex – The center of a curved mirror

Focal Point/Focus (F) – The point between the center of curvature and vertex
Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
P-F Ray
Where:
F-P Ray P – Parallel Ray
F – Focal Point/Focus
C-C Ray C – Center of Curvature
V - Vertex
V Ray

At least two of these rays can be used to describe the

images formed by convex mirrors or concave mirrors
Four Principal Rays on Concave and Convex Mirror

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Imaginary extension
of the reflected ray

P-F Ray P-F Ray

A ray of light parallel to the principal A ray of light parallel to the principal
axis is reflected through the focal axis is reflected as if passing through
point/focus the focal point/focus
Four Principal Rays on Concave and Convex Mirror

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Imaginary extension
of the reflected ray

F-P Ray F-P Ray

A ray of light passing through the
focal/focus is reflected parallel to
the principal axis
A ray of light directed towards the
virtual focal point/focus is reflected
parallel to the principal axis
Four Principal Rays on Concave and Convex Mirror

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Imaginary extension
of the reflected ray

C-C Ray C-C Ray

A ray of light passing through the A ray of directed towards the center
center of curvature, reflects back of curvature, reflects back along its
along its own path own path
Four Principal Rays on Concave and Convex Mirror

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

Imaginary extension
of the reflected ray

V Ray V Ray
A ray of directed to the vertex, A ray of light directed towards the
reflects at equal angle from the vertex, reflects at equal angle from
principal axis the principal axis
Applying the LAW OF REFLECTION, where the angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection
Ray Diagramming
Describing the Characteristics of the Images Formed by
Curved Mirrors

between V and F at F between F and C

at C
beyond/farther than C
 How do you know if the image is REAL or VIRTUAL?
Real Image Virtual Image
inverted image upright image
positive (+) value of the distance of negative (-) value of the distance of
image (di) image (-di)
negative (-) value of the height of positive (+) value of the height of
image (-di) image (hi)
(means inverted, therefore real image) (means upright, therefore virtual image)

negative (-) value of the Positive (+) value of the

magnification (-M) magnification (-M)
(means real image) (means virtual image)
Formed in front of a curved mirror Formed in at the back of a curved mirror
and can be projected on a screen and can NOT be projected on a screen
 Common uses of Concave or Converging mirror

Used in shaving mirrors or as a make up mirror

Concave mirror uses in

the opthalmoscope

Uses of concave mirror in astronomical telescope

Concave mirrors use in headlight

Used in disk

Concave mirror used by dentists

 Common uses of Convex or Diverging mirror

Convex mirrors used in buildings

Convex mirrors used in vehicle

Convex mirrors used in security

purposes

Convex mirrors in a narrow corner

of a street
Refraction of Light
- is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another of different
optical densities.

*It is describe as…

- ability of light to enter/pass a certain medium like glass

*Lights…
- ends to a certain direction

*Happens only…

- it strikes a clear/transparent medium

 Imaginary line that will serve as
guide when to bend the refracted
ray in graphical method

Principal axis
Sample activity
posted in FB