MITOSIS AND

MEIOSIS
Learning Objectives
 Differentiate Mitosis and Meiosis
 Identify the different phases involved
 Determine the key events in each stages of cell
cycle both in mitosis and meiosis
 Explain how cell division functions in
reproduction, growth and repair.
 Describe the chromosome number changes
throughout the human life cycle.
What is Mitosis?
 Comes from the greek word mitos
which means “Thread”

 is nuclear division plus cytokinesis,

and produces two identical daughter
cells during prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
 INTERPHASE
 is the phase of the cell cycle in which
a typical cell spends most of its life.
During this phase, the cell copies its
DNA in preparation for mitosis.

 The nucleus is clearly visible with

one or more distinct nucleoli
 Chromosomes appear as irregular-
granular form thus cannot be
recognized
 3 Subdivisions of Interphase
 FIRST GROWTH PERIOD (G1)

 SYNTHESIS PERIOD (S)

 SECOND GROWTH PERIOD

(G2)
 PROPHASE
 During mitosis, prophase is when
the chromatin condenses into two
rod-shaped structures called
chromosomes in which the
chromatin becomes visible. This
process, known as chromatin
condensation, is involved with the
condensing complex.
 METAPHASE
 Double-stranded chromosomes are
aligned at the equator of the cell

 Mitotic apparatus completely formed

 Nuclear membrane completely

formed
 ANAPHASE
 The phase of migration

 Centromeres of each chromosome

divide

 Cytokinesis begins
 TELOPHASE
 The phase of migration
 Centrioles are replicated
 Chromosomes begin longer, thinner
and less distinct
 Nucleolus reappears and new
nuclear membrane forms
 Mitotic apparatus disappears
Cytokinesis
MEIOSIS
 What is Meiosis?
 A process that produces four
daughter cells with haploid number
of chromosomes as the parent cell.
 It involves two successive division
meiosis I and meiosis II occurring
within gametogenesis.
 What is Meiosis I?

 Result in reducing the

number of chromosomes.
Phases of Meiosis I
Prophase I
 occupies the longest duration of meiosis.
 Subdivided into five (5) subphases.
 Leptonema
 Zygonema
 Pachynema
 Diplonema
 Diakinesis
Leptonema
 The first prophase event occurs; chromatin

condenses to form visible chromosomes.

 Replicated chromosomes (leptotene) appear as

long slender threads.

Zygonema
 The pair is referred to as bivalent or

tetrad(zygotene).
Pachynema
 Chromosomes continue to become shorter or

thicker (pachytene).
Diplonema
 The synaptonemal complex dissolves and
chromosome pairs begin to separate.
Diakinesis
 Coiling and contraction of the

chromosomes continue.
Metaphase I
 Synapsed homologous chromosomes are aligned at the

equator of the cell.

Anaphase I
 The whole chromosomes from each tetrad separate and

migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase I
 Meiosis I ends when the chromosomes of each pairs

arrive at opposing poles of the cell

Cytokinesis
 Cytokinesis completed resulting onto 2
daughter cells with haploid number of
chromosomes.
What is Meiosis II
 follows Interkinesis , no
chromosomes replication
between meiosis I and meiosis
II.
 Phases of Meiosis II
Prophase II
 Chromatin condense to form visible chromosomes again.

Metaphase II
 The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane, which is

rotated 90 degree compared to the equatorial plane in

meiosis I.
Anaphase II
 The spindle fibers connected to each chromatid shorten,

pulling one sister chromatid to each pole.

Telophase II
 Meiosis II ends when the sister chromosomes have reach

opposing poles of the cell.

Thank you!