OPER
ATION
S ON
NUMB RATIONA
ERS L
SL. NO SUB-TOPIC SLIDE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 ADDITION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS 5
AND ITS PROPERTIES
3 SUBTRACTION 8
OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
AND ITS PROPERTIES
4 MULTIPLICATION 12
OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
AND ITS PROPERTIES
5 DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS 18
AND ITS PROPERTIES
6 RATIONAL 24
NUMBERS BETWEEN TWO RATIONAL
NUMBERS
INTRODUCTION
One day two children of Real number, Whole number and Rational
number have a talk with each other;
Whole number: Do you know rational ,different operations like
Addition,Subtraction ,MULTIPLICATION and DIVISION can act on me
and they also satisfies different properties.
Rational number: But brother I do not have any knowledge that how
these operations act on me. Let’s ask our teacher about this…
Teacher- I will definitely clear your doubts but before
that answer my questions…
What is the additive identity for whole numbers ?
g
Does whole number obeys commutative law under Subtraction ? ttin er s
e
What is the multiplicative inverse of 5 ? e r g nsw eed
t a
Af ect proc
Define distributive property of Multiplication over Addition ? rr
co che
r
er
..
a h
Say two whole numbers between 5 and 12 ? te fu
rt
Tell whether division obeys closure property or not ?
Rational Numbers
The numbers of the form ,Where
Rational numbers include natural numbers, whole numbers, integer sand all positive and negative
fractions.
Example: , ,… etc
Can you
say why
Rationa ‘0’
l numbe i s a
r?
As that of Whole numbers for rational numbers,also there are four operations they
are as following. Let’s discuss one after another…
ADDITION
SUBTRACTION
MULTIPLICATION
A
r e for D
DIVISION k he k..
Clic AE Boo
VC
ADDITION ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
CASE-1 CASE-2
WHEN RATIONAL NUMBER DO
WHEN RATIONAL NUMBER NOT HAVE SAME
HAVING SAME DENOMINATOR DENOMINATOR
Ӂ Take LCM of
denominators and then add
Ӂ Add numerators of the the rational numbers.
rational numbers and then Example-Add and
divide by the common Solution:
denominator. LCM of denominators 4 and
Ex- Add and 3 is 12.
Solution:
so =
PRACTICE
P1R. AACdTdICE
a nd
21. . AAdddd a d
n
2. Add a
nd
PROPERTIES OF ADDITION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Closure property:
Sum of any two rational number is always a rational number i.e if x and y are two rational numbers then x+y
will also became a rational number.
EXAMPLE :=Here and are both Rational number And sum is also a rational number.
Hence Rational numbers are closed under Addition.
Commutative property:
The sum of two rational numbers does not depend on the order in which they are added.i.e where x and
y are rational numbers.
Example: Verify that sum of two rational number and remains same even if the order of addends are
changed.LHS= = = RHS=== LHS=RHS
Hence Addition of rational number satisfy Commutative property
Associative Property:
The sum of three rational numbers remains same even after changing the grouping of addends.
If
EXAMPLE :Verify that for x = ,y = and z = i.e sum will remains same
even after changing the grouping of numbers.
LHS= + RHS= f
= + = d i tion o
e Ad r
Henc al numbe ve
= = n
ratio Associa
ti
== fy
= = satis rty.
e
prop
Additive identity property:
When ‘o’ is added to any rational number the sum of the rational number is becomes
itself, If x is a rational number then .
EXAMPLE: let LHS=
RHS= As LHS = RHS so this property valids.
Zero is called the identity element in Addition .
Additive inverse property:
The negative of a rational number is it’s additive inverse.
The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse is always equal to Zero.
If x is a rational number then (-x) is the additive inverse of it and
Let a rational number be
Then =
Negative of a rational number is called its additive inverse.
Try these—
(a) Simplify
(b) For x = and y= , verify that –(x+y) = (-x) + (-y)
(c) For x = and y= and z= , verify that (x+y)+ z = x + (y+z)
SUBTRACTION ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
CASE-1 CASE-2
WHEN RATIONAL NUMBER DO
WHEN RATIONAL NUMBER NOT HAVE SAME
HAVING SAME DENOMINATOR DENOMINATOR
Ӂ Take LCM of
denominators and then
Ӂ Subtract numerators of the subtract the rational numbers.
rational numbers and then Example-Add and
divide by the common Solution:)
denominator. LCM of denominators 4 and
Ex- Add and 3 is 12.
Solution:
so =
PRACTICE
P1R. AACdTdICE
a nd
21. . ASdudbtaract
nd and
2. Subtra
ct and
PROPERTIES OF SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
EXAMPLE:
Difference of any two rational number is always a rational number i.e if x and y are two rational numbers
then x - y will also became a rational number.
VERIFICATION :=Here and are both Rational numbers And their Difference is also a rational
number.
Hence Rational numbers are closed under Subtraction .
PROPERTY-1:
The difference of two rational numbers does not remain same if their order is changed i.e where x and
y are rational numbers.
Example: Verify that difference of two rational number and does not remains same even if the order
are changed.LHS= = = , RHS=== LHS RHS
Hence Subtraction of rational number does not satisfy Commutative property.
PROPERTY-2:
The Difference of three rational numbers does not remains same even after changing the grouping of
numbers.i.e If
EXAMPLE :Verify that for x = ,y = and z =
LHS= - RHS=
= = n of
ra c tio
= = ce Subt ber does
He n
== o n a l num
= = rati tisfy erty.
t s a ro p
no
o c i ative p
Ass
EXAMPLE ;
For all rational number we have
Show that,Ifx is a rational number then .
VERIFICATION: let LHS=
But RHS= As LHS RHS so this property does not valid.
Identity element in Subtraction does not exist .
EXAMPLE:
Since identity of subtraction does not exist so inverse for Subtraction does not
arise.
Try thesee—
(a) Simplify
(b) For x = and y= and z= , verify that (x-y)-z = x –(y-z)
MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example: Find the product of and
Solution:
=
=
If and are two rational numbers
then
=
Solve the followings…
(a) Multiply and
(b) Multiply 3 and 1
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
CLOSURE PROPERTY:
Product of any two rational number is always a rational number
EXAMPLE:=
Here and are both Rational number And product are rational number
Hence Rational numbers are closed under multiplication.
COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY:
The product of two rational numbers remain same even if we change their
order . If and are two rational number then
Example: Verify that product of two rational number and remains same even
if the order is changed .
LHS=
=
RHS=
=
Hence LHS=RHS
Commutative property holds TRUE in multiplication of rational number.
Associative Property:
The product of three rational numbers remains same even after
changing the groups.
If
Example: Verify that product of three rational numbers ,and remains same even
after changing the groupings.
t io nal
a
ce r s
LHS= RHS= Hen er obey
b
num ciative
= = asso der
= un n.
= l ic atio
tip
mu l
LHS=RHS
MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITY:
When 1 is multiplied to any rational number then the product of the rational
number is equal to itself
If x is a rational number then
Example: let
LHS= RHS=
1 is the identity element under the multiplication
PRODUCT OF A RATIONAL NUMBER AND ZERO IS ALWAYS
ZERO
If
EXAMPLE: The product of
=
Again
Distributive property:
If
(ii)
Example: For three rational number
LHS = RHS= (
= =
= =
= =
= =
LHS=RHS Hence verified…
So Rational numbers obeys Distributive property of multiplication over
Addition and Subtraction.
Reciprocal of a rational number(Multiplicative Inverse)
Reciprocal of rational number means interchanging of numerator and
denominator in other words Rational number obtained after inverting the
given rational number is called Reciprocal of rational number
Example : The Reciprocal of is
Note:
(1)Zero has no Reciprocal
(ii)Reciprocal of 1 is 1
(iii) if x is any non zero rational number,then its
reciprocal is denoted by which is equal to
DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
EXAMPLE: Divide
Solution :
Dividing one rational number by
another except by zero, is the same
as the multiplication of the first by
the reciprocal of the second,
i.ex÷y = xy-1
Divide followings…
(a) -10 by
(b) by -2
PROPORTIES OF DIVISION OF RATIONAL
NUMBER
Property: 1
Divisionof a rational number by another rational number except zero is always
rational number.
Example: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
Property-2
When a nonzero rational number divided by itself we get always 1
Example :
Property-3
When non zero rational number divided by 1 the quotient is
the same rational number
Example =
PROPERTY-4
The division of two rational number does not remain same if
the order of the number are changed.
If are two rational number then
Example:Verify that if and then
• LHS= • RHS=
= =
= =
= =
LHSRHS
H 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
PROPERTY-5
The division of three rational numbers does not remains same even after
changing the groups.
If
Example:Verify that if , ,then
• LHS= • RHS=)
= =
= =
= =
= =
LHSRHS
Associative property does not holds true for division
PROPERTY-6:
If are rational numbers, then
and
)
Example : If
LHS = RHS = )
= =
= =
= =
= =
LHS = RHS
PROPERTY- 7
For three non-zero rational numbers
Example :- If show that
• LHS= • RHS=
= =
= =
= =
= =
LHS RHS
Distributive property does not hold true for division
RATIONALS BETWEEN TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS
If
.
Example: Find two rational number between
Solution: Step-1 Find a rational number between
Step-2 Find a rational number between
Hence , are two rational number between
KEY POINTS
Introduction of Rational number
Operation of rational number
Properties of addition of rational number
Properties of subtraction of rational number
Properties of Multiplication of rational
number
Properties of division of rational number
Insert rational numbers between two given
rational number
TATA DAV PUBLIC
SCHOOL,JODA
KEONJHAR,ODISHA
