the nature of

communication
 What is Communication?
Communication is a systematic process in
which individuals interact with and through
symbols to create and interpret meanings (Wood,
1997).
Communication…
 is an active process
 Systematic
 Involves symbols
 Involves meanings (i.e., the heart of
communication)
 What is Communication?

 the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, feelings,

and emotions from one person to another with the
use of symbols which may be verbal and/or
nonverbal and aims for understanding.
 Why communicate

To understand ourselves as social beings

To understand ourselves as persons

To gain professional competence

To preserve cultural values

 Elements of
Communication
Sender-receiver
Message
Channel
Feedback
Noise
Context
 Elements of
Communication
 Sender-receiver (i.e., the participants – both the
initiator and recipient of the message)

 Message – the physical representations of ideas,

thoughts, feelings, and emotions)
 Elements of
Communication
 Channel – involves the use of VERBAL and
NONVERBAL symbols and the means (i.e., vocal
and/or nonvocal) through which we transmit the
message (this includes light and/or sounds)

 Feedback – the behavioral response of the sender-

receiver to each other
 Elements of
Communication
 Noise – an interference in communication and may
be categorized into:
 Internal noise is confined within the
psychological and sociological nature of
individuals)
 External noise comes from the physical
environment and keeps the message from being
fully understood.

Catalyst

(i.e., anything that enhances communication) is the

opposite of noise.
 Elements of
Communication
 Context is the surrounding environment that helps
shape the interaction between or among
individuals. This includes
 the physical setting
 the relationship between or among participants
 the topic of the interaction
 the time of the day when communication takes place,
etc.
Communication may adapt according to the following:
a) Physical context
b) Social context
c) Psychological context
 The Communication
Process
The process of communication involves these stages:
Encoding
Transmission
Reception
Decoding
Responding
 Stages in the
Communication Process

Reception

Encoding Decoding

Transmission Responding

from http://c.asstatic.com/images/1832402_635053116086847500-1.jpg
 communication is

Communication is a dynamic interactive event.

 Characteristics of
Communication
 Linear Model. The earliest and the most influential
model of communication. (Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSq5lwlqDUk)
 Interactive Model. A two-way process, it recognizes the
presence of feedback. ( Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MI5tieIioLc
 Transactional Model. Communication is essentially not
a solo endeavor. ( Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxyuPO45IZU
 Principles of
Communication
 Culture shapes communication; Communication
shapes culture.
 Communication is purposive.

 Communication is relational. (Verderber, Verderber

and Sellnow, 2010).
 Communication is ethical.

 Communication is adaptive.
Principles of Effective Oral
Communication
 Be clear with your purpose.

 Be complete with the message you deliver.

 Be concise.

 Be natural with your delivery.

 Be specific and timely with your feedback.

 Principles of Effective
Written Communication
 Be clear.

 Be concise.

 Be concrete.

 Be correct.

 Be coherent.

 Be complete.

 Be courteous.
 Ethics of Communication

 Ethics of communication emphasizes that morals

influence the behavior of an individual, group, or
organization thereby affecting their communication.

Ethical communication:
 Establish an effective value system that will pave
the way for the development of your integrity as a
person.
 Provide complete and accurate information.
 Ethics…

 Disclose vital information adequately and

appropriately. Never conceal information that are
necessary for purposes of transparency.
 References

Madrunio, M. & Martin, I. ( 2018). Purposive

communication: Using English in Multilingual
contexts. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Pilapil, E. et al. (2018). Purposive communication.

Philippines. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

 Podhaizer, M. (2003). Painless speaking. New York:

NY. Barron’s Educational Series.