Preliminaries

•Greetings
•Checking of Attendance
•Setting the Mood for Learning
What are those health safety
guidelines and practices that
we need to observe in all our
learning tasks?
 HEALTH SAFETY GUIDELINES AND
PRACTICES FOR FACE TO FACE CLASSES
Be Prompt!

Be Prepared!

Be Positive!

Be
Productive!

Be Polite!

Participate
enthusiastically
Module 6: Simplifying Radical Expressions

Ratio and Proportion

Objectives:

1. Use cross products to determine whether the given

ratios form a proportion.
2. Solve problems involving proportions using the
fundamental theorem of proportionality.
3. Value accumulated knowledge as means of new
understanding.

Mathematics 9 - Quarter 3
RECALL Which of the following is/are
equivalent to ?

𝟓
𝟐𝟎 𝟓𝟎% 𝟎.𝟐𝟓
𝟑
𝟖 𝟏:𝟒
 RECALL
ANSWERS The following are equivalent to

𝟓
𝟐𝟎 𝟎.𝟐𝟓
𝟏:𝟒
Ratio – A comparison between two or more
quantities of the same kind and the same
units.
Can be written as:
a to b
a:b
a/b
 Writing a ratio
The length of a model car is 4 in long. The actual
length of the car is 15 ft long. What is the ratio of the
length of the model to the length of the actual car?
Reduced to the lowest term
𝟒 𝒊𝒏 𝟒 𝒊𝒏 𝟒 𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒊𝒏
= = = 1 to 45
𝟏𝟓 𝒇𝒕 𝟏𝟓(𝟏𝟐 𝒊𝒏) 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟓 𝒊𝒏

Must have the same units in the numerator as in the denominator.

Convert feet to inches by multiplying by 12 in.
 Proportion a statement stating that the two ratios
are equal or equivalent ratios.
Can be reduced to the same fraction.
Can be written as:
terms
𝒂 𝒄
𝒃 ¿ 𝒅 1
st nd
2 3 rd
4th
Ratio 2
Ratio 1 a : b = c : d
The 2nd and 3rd terms are the means while the
1st and the 4th terms are the extremes
Group Activity
Refer to the triangles on the right.

a. Write the ratio of AB to DE.

b. Write the ratio of AC to DF.
c. Compare the two ratios obtained in a and b? What have you
noticed? Explain.
d. Are the ratios equivalent? What do you call those ratios that
are equivalent?
e. Compare the cross-products of the terms. Explain
 A theorem is
any statement
proven on the
basis of axioms,
postulates,
definitions, and
previously
proven
theorems.

Proof:
Another term for the theorem on Property of Proportions is the Cross
Products Property.
Cross Products
A. Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

?
Original proportion

?
Find the cross products.

Simplify.
Answer: The cross products are not equal, so the ratios
do not form a proportion.
Cross Products
B. Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

?
Original proportion

?
Find the cross products.

Simplify.
Answer: The cross products are equal, so the ratios
form a proportion.
Solve a Proportion

A.

Original proportion

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 8.

Answer: n = 4.5 Simplify.

Solve a Proportion
B.

Original proportion

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Subtract 16 from each side.

Answer: x = 5 Divide each side by 4.

Real World Example
BICYCLING The ratio of a gear on a bicycle is 8:5. This
means that for every eight turns of the pedals, the wheel
turns five times. Suppose the bicycle wheel turns about
2435 times during a trip. How many times would you have
to crank the pedals during the trip?
Understand Let p represent the number pedal turns.
Plan Write a proportion for the problem and
solve.

pedal turns pedal turns

wheel turns wheel turns

Real World Example
Solve Original proportion

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.

3896 = p Simplify.
Real World Example

Answer: You will need to crank the pedals 3896 times.

Check Compare the ratios.

8 ÷ 5 = 1.6
3896 ÷ 2435 = 1.6
The answer is correct.
 Example : Problem-Solving Application
Marta is making a scale drawing of her bedroom. Her rectangular room is
12 feet wide and 15 feet long. On the scale drawing, the width of her
room is 5 inches. What is the length?

1 Understand the
Problem
The answer will be the length of the room on the scale drawing.
2 Make a Plan
Let x be the length of the room on the scale drawing. Write a
proportion that compares the ratios of the width to the length.

𝟓 𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓
=
𝒙 𝟏𝟓
 Example Continued
3 Solve
𝟓 𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓
=
𝒙 𝟏𝟓
5(15) = x(12.5) Cross Products Property

75 = 12.5x Simplify.
75 12.5 𝑥 Divide both sides by 12.5.
=
12.5 12.5
x=6

4 Answer The length of the room on the scale

drawing is 6 inches.
 Example Continued

5 Check

𝟓 𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓
=
𝒙 𝟏𝟓
Compare the ratios.
5÷6 = .8
12.5 ÷ 15 = .8
The answer is correct.
 Group Activity and Reporting
Exceeds the Meets the Nearly achieves Does not meet
standard standard the standard the standard
5 4 3 2
Answer Gives clear Solution process Solution process Minimal evidence
evidence of a is nearly complete is incomplete of a solution
complete and process
systematic Solutions are Solutions are
solution somewhat partially accurate Solutions are
process accurate inaccurate

Solutions are
accurate

Time Finish earlier Finish on time Late by not more Late by not more
management than expected than 1 minute than 2 minutes

Participation 100 percent of Not less than 85% Not less than Not less than55%
and the group of the group 70% of the group of the group
Cooperation participated participated participated participated
 ABSTRACTION

1. How can we determine whether the given

ratios form a proportion?
2. How do we solve problems involving
proportions using the fundamental theorem
of proportionality?
 Problem-Solving Application
1. Environment If 2500 square feet of grass supplies enough oxygen for a family of
four, how much grass is needed to supply oxygen for a family of five?

2. Science If Light travels approximately 1,860,000 miles in 10 seconds. How long will
it take light to travel the 93,000,000 miles from the sun to Earth?
3. Medicine Antonio is a nurse. A doctor tells him to give a patient 60 milligrams of
acetaminophen. Antonio has a liquid medication that contains 240 milligrams of
acetaminophen per 10 milliliters of medication. How many milliliters of the
medication should he give the patient?

4. Mechanics The gear ratio is the number of teeth on the driving gear to the number
of teeth on the driven gear. If the gear ratio is 5:2 and the driving gear has 35 teeth,
how many teeth does the driven gear have?
 Problem-Solving Application
1. Environment If 2500 square feet of grass supplies enough oxygen for
a family of four, how much grass is needed to supply oxygen for a
family of five?
Understand Let x = Area of grass needed to supply oxygen for a family
Plan 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠
=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒙 Answer The area of grass needed to
Solve =
𝟓 𝟒 supply oxygen for a family of
(𝟓)( 𝒙)=(𝟐 ,𝟓𝟎𝟎)(𝟒) four is 2,000 square feet.
5 Check
𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 ,𝟎𝟎𝟎
= The answer is correct .
𝟓 𝟓
𝒙=𝟐 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎
 Problem-Solving Application
2. Science If Light travels approximately 1,860,000 miles in 10 seconds.
How long will it take light to travel the 93,000,000 miles from the sun
to Earth?
Understand Let x = time needed for light to travel from sun to Earth
Plan 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Solve 𝟏, 𝟖𝟔𝟎 ,𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Answer It will take 500 seconds for
𝟏𝟎 𝒙
light to travel 93,000,000
(𝟏,𝟖𝟔𝟎 ,𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝒙)=(𝟏𝟎)(𝟗𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎) miles from the sun to Earth.
Check
𝟏 , 𝟖𝟔𝟎 ,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒙 𝟗𝟑𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= The answer is correct .
𝟏 , 𝟖𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏 , 𝟖𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒙 =𝟓𝟎𝟎
 Problem-Solving Application
3. Medicine Antonio is a nurse. A doctor tells him to give a patient 60 milligrams
of acetaminophen. Antonio has a liquid medication that contains 240
milligrams of acetaminophen per 10 milliliters of medication. How many
milliliters of the medication should he give the patient?
Understand Let x = amount of acetaminophen to be given to patient (milliliters)
Plan
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑝h𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑝h𝑒𝑛
=
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Solve
𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝟔𝟎
= Answer Antonio should give 2.5
𝟏𝟎 𝒙
milliliters of medication to the
(𝟐𝟒𝟎)(𝒙)=(𝟏𝟎)(𝟔𝟎) patient.
𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒙 =𝟔𝟎𝟎 Check 24
𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒙 𝟔𝟎𝟎
=
𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟒𝟎 The answer is correct .
𝒙 =𝟐 . 𝟓
 Problem-Solving Application
4. Mechanics The gear ratio is the number of teeth on the
driving gear to the number of teeth on the driven gear.
If the gear ratio is 5:2 and the driving gear has 35 teeth,
how many teeth does the driven gear have?
Understand Let x = number of teeth of the driven gear
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓
Plan =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓
𝟓 𝟑𝟓 Answer If the driving gear has 35
Solve =
𝟐 𝒙 teeth, the driven gear should
(𝟓)( 𝒙)=(𝟐)(𝟑𝟓) have 14 teeth.
𝟓 𝒙=𝟕𝟎 Check
𝟓 𝒙 𝟕𝟎
=
𝟓 𝟓 The answer is correct .
𝒙=𝟏𝟒
Cross Products
1. Use cross products to determine whether the pair of ratios below
form a proportion. Write only the letter corresponding to your
answer.

A. The ratios do form a

proportion.

B. The ratios do not form a

proportion.

C. cannot be determined
Cross Products
2. Use cross products to determine whether the pair of ratios
below form a proportion. Write only the letter corresponding
to your answer.

A. The ratios do form a

proportion.

B. The ratios do not form a

proportion.

C. cannot be determined
 Solve a Proportion
3. Solve the proportion

A. 10

B. 63

C. 6.3

D. 70
 Solve a Proportion

4. Solve the proportion

A. 6

B. 10

C. –10

D. 16
Real World Example
5. BICYCLING Trent goes on 30-mile bike ride every Saturday. He rides
the distance in 4 hours. At this rate, how far can he ride in 6 hours?
Write only the letter corresponding your answer.

A. 7.5 mi

B. 20 mi

C. 40 mi

D. 45 mi
Cross Products
1. Use cross products to determine whether the pair of ratios below
form a proportion. Write only the letter corresponding to your
answer.

A. The ratios do form a

proportion.

B. The ratios do not form a

proportion.

C. cannot be determined
Cross Products
2. Use cross products to determine whether the pair of ratios below
form a proportion.

A. The ratios do form a

proportion.

B. The ratios do not form a

proportion.

C. cannot be determined
 Solve a Proportion
3. Solve the proportion

A. 10

B. 63

C. 6.3

D. 70
 Solve a Proportion

4. Solve the proportion

A. 6

B. 10

C. –10

D. 16
Real World Example
5. BICYCLING Trent goes on 30-mile bike ride every Saturday. He rides
the distance in 4 hours. At this rate, how far can he ride in 6 hours?
Write only the letter corresponding your answer.

A. 7.5 mi

B. 20 mi

C. 40 mi

D. 45 mi
 Agreement: Problem-Solving Application

Answer the following question using properties of proportions. Use ½

sheet of paper.

1. A car travels 120 miles in 3 hours. How far would it travel in 4

hours?
2. Jesuel is typing a paper that is 420 words long. He can type words in
a minute. How long will it take him to type the paper?
 Agreement: Problem-Solving Application

1. A car travels 120 miles in 3 hours. How far would it travel in 4 hours?

Solution: Let x=distance traveled by a car in 4 hours

Working equation:

𝟑 𝒙 =𝟒𝟖𝟎
𝟑 𝒙 𝟒𝟖𝟎
=
𝟑 𝟑
𝒙 =𝟏𝟔𝟎
 Agreement: Problem-Solving Application

2. Jesuel is typing a paper that is 420 words long. He can type words in
a minute. How long will it take him to type the paper?

Solution: Let x = time it will take Jesuel to type 420 words (minutes)
Working equation: 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
=
𝒙 𝟏
(𝟐𝟎)( 𝒙 )=(𝟒𝟐𝟎)(𝟏)
𝟐𝟎 𝒙=𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝟎 𝒙 𝟒 𝟐 𝟎
=
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝒙 =𝟐𝟏