EDUCATIONAL THEORY

TEACHER’S ROLE AND EXPECTATIONS

Presented By: Jhumar Hernandez

 Introduction
Education develops critical thinking. This is vital in
teaching a person how to use logic when making
decisions and interacting with people (e.g., boosting
creativity, enhancing time management). Education
helps an individual meet basic job qualifications
and makes them more likely to secure better jobs.
EDUCATIONAL
THEORY
Educational Theory
Educational theory refers to a collection of theories that
explain the application, interpretation, and goal of learning
and education. Theoretical conceptions contribute to the
explanation of the learning process and have the ability to
inform instructional strategies, curriculum, and assessments.
● Theoretical concepts help to explain the learning
process and have the potential to inform educational
approaches, curricula, and assessments.
● They can also help learners reflect on and
comprehend their own learning processes,
maximizing learning results. They help us understand,
assess, and improve instructional approaches.
 PEDAGOGY, ANDRAGOGY and
HEUTATOGY
HEUTATOGY

Heutagogy, goes beyond the limits of a

PEDAGOGY didactic classroom-based experience,
encouraging learners to adapt an
The term pedagogy describes a
autonomous approach in managing their
process of teacher-centred learning
own learning.
and is often used when discussing the
education of children
ANDRAGOGY
Andragogy relates to the art and
science of adult learning and
primarily relates to a learner-
centred approach.
 Behaviourist theory
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors
are learned through interaction with the
environment. This learning theory states that
behaviors are learned from the environment, and
says that innate or inherited factors have very little
influence on behavior.

It is an appropriate approach for establishing ground

rules and learning contracts that can enhance the
learning environment. Learners are regarded as a
‘blank slate’ and they are the recipient of learning
with no recognition of any prior experience or
learning.
 TEACHER’S ROLE
From a behaviorist perspective, the role of the learner is to be acted upon by the teacher-controlled
environment. The teacher's role is to manipulate the environment to shape behavior. Thus, the
student is not an agent in the learning process, but rather an animal that instinctively reacts to the
environment.

The teacher should note that learning is not new knowledge but acquired new behaviour.
The teaching environment shapes the behaviour of a learner.
Teaching is key in engineering the learning environment.
The teacher should give positive reinforcement to motivate learners.
Too much negative reinforcement should not be given to the learners while teaching.
Teachers should motivate and encourage the learners to enjoy and take interest in learning.
Teachers must always reward positive behaviour in the classroom.
 Cognitivist theory
It focuses on the processes involved in learning including the
integration of new information into existing knowledge. It
involves acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.

This approach is based upon cognitive psychology, which

describes how the working memory is used to formulate
longer term memory.

The learner uses cognitive tools such as insight, information

processing, perceptions, and memory to facilitate learning. An
example of such a tool is the ‘Advance Organiser’ theory by
Ausubel which states that learners find it easier to learn if they
have already been presented with information that enables
them to orient themselves to the topic.
 ROLES OF THE
TEACHER
The role of the teacher is to facilitate the learner to ‘learn how to learn’.
The teacher's role in cognitivism learning theory is to guide students through the problem-solving process, while
allowing them to use their own.
teachers should deliver lessons based on the way the students' learn levels and experiences in order for learning
to occur.

Examples of cognitive learning strategies include:

Asking students to reflect on their experience.
Helping students find new solutions to problems.
Encouraging discussions about what is being taught.
Helping students explore and understand how ideas are connected.
Asking students to justify and explain their thinking.
 EXPECTATIONS

The learners according to cognitivists are

active participants in the learning process.
They use various strategies to process and
construct their personal understanding of
the content to which they are exposed.
 Constructivist theory

Constructivism is the theory that says

learners construct knowledge rather than
just passively take in information. As
people experience the world and reflect
upon those experiences, they build their
own representations and incorporate new
information into their pre-existing
knowledge (schemas).
 ROLE OF THE
TEACHER

Teachers can utilize constructivism to help

understand that each student will bring their
own past to the classroom every day. Teachers
in constructivist classrooms act as more of a
guide to helping students create their own
learning and understanding. They help them
create their own process and reality based on
their own past. This is crucial to helping many
kinds of students take their own experiences
and include them in their learning.
 EXPECTATIONS

In a constructivist classroom the student

becomes the centre of attention. Learning
revolves around them and uses their
personal skills and level to drive the lesson
progression and content. In order to
challenge themselves, students need to
know how to influence their ideas and
elicit change.
 Humanism Learning
Theory

Humanism is very closely related to constructivism.

Humanism directly focuses on the idea of self-
actualization. Everyone functions under a hierarchy of
needs. Self-actualization is at the top of the hierarchy
of needs—it’s the brief moments where a person feels
all of their needs are met and that they’re the best
possible version of themselves. Everyone is striving for
this, and learning environments can either move toward
meeting needs or away from meeting needs.
 ROLE OF THE
TEACHER

Teachers can create classroom

environments that help students get closer
to their self-actualization. Educators can
help fulfill students’ emotional and
physical needs, giving them a safe and
comfortable place to learn, plenty of food,
and the support they need to succeed. This
kind of environment is the most conducive
to helping students learn.
 EXPECTATIONS

Humanistic learning is student-centered,

so students are encouraged to take control
over their education. They make choices
that can range from daily activities to
future goals. Students are encouraged to
focus on a specific subject area of interest
for a reasonable amount of time that they
choose.
 Connectivism Learning
Theory

Connectivism is one of the newest

educational learning theories. It focuses on
the idea that people learn and grow when
they form connections. This can be
connections with each other or connections
with their roles and obligations in their
lives. Hobbies, goals, and people can all be
connections that influence learning.
 ROLE OF THE
TEACHER

Teachers can utilize connectivism in their

classrooms to help students make
connections to things that excite them,
helping them learn. Teachers can use
digital media to make good, positive
connections to learning. They can help
create connections and relationships with
their students and with their peer groups to
help students feel motivated about
learning.
 EXPECTATIONS

Students are not only polling their parents,

friends, or relatives to help them make
decisions, but using their digital devices
for decision making, as well.
Connectivism suggests that students
should combine thoughts, theories, and
general information in a useful manner.
 Additional Learning Theories

Transformative Social

Experiential
 Transformative learning theory is a great
approach for adult education and young adult
learning. Also referred to as transformation
learning, transformative learning theory focuses
on the idea that learners can adjust their thinking
based on new information.

Transformative
This theory focuses on the concept of children
learning from observing others by acting on or
not acting on what they see exhibited by their
classmates.

Social
 Experiential learning theory focuses on learning
by doing. Using this theory, students are
encouraged to learn through experiences that can
help them retain information and recall facts.

Experiental
 How to Apply
Learning Theories in
Teaching
Teachers can create specific strategies and techniques to
apply these learning theories in their classrooms. Teachers
need to first focus on getting a well-rounded education to
learn about all kinds of techniques for teaching and
classroom management. Teachers need to understand
learning theories to be prepared to utilize them in their
classrooms.

An understanding of learning theories helps teachers connect

to all different kinds of students. Teachers can focus on
different learning styles to reach different students, creating
teaching that focuses directly on student needs and
aptitudes.
THANK YOU
