OrApple (Orange peels and Apple Cider Vinegar) as

Water based Mosquito Larvicide

_____________________________________________________

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the Science

Department
 PARDO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Poblacion Pardo, Cebu City

_______________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements in Research I

_______________________________________________

By:

Atillo, John Carl

Dancolos, Claire

Sasan, Fritz

_______________________________________________
March 2019
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale of the Study

Many people now are suffering from dengue

due to dengue carrying mosquitoes so, the

researchers decided to create a product that can

help eliminate the wrigglers so it will not continue

to grow into its adult stage.

 Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute

the family Culicidae. Females of most species are

Ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouthparts (called

proboscis) pierce the host’s skin to consume blood. Like

people mosquitoes also have life cycle they came from egg

to larva to pupa and then the adult or imago.

 The researchers made a product which we called

OrApple(consist of Apple Cider Vinegar and Orange peels)

that contains the dislikes of mosquitoes that can lead to

death of the eggs. This product will be mixed with water

which is the breeding place of mostly mosquitoes.

 The researchers choose this study because our

country is suffering from dengue virus. In order to decrease

it, the researchers find a way to help the country.

Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito on

October 16, 2018

Background of the Study
A lot of researchers try their luck to make a product that is

effective which solve community problems. One of the

community problems we encounter is the dengue virus so the

researchers decided to make a product that can kill mosquito

larvae this invention is named “OrApple” which is composed of

Apple Cider Vinegar and Orange.

 Mosquitoes lay their eggs in a stagnant water and if

their eggs would hatch, there would be a lot of population

of mosquitoes in the Philippines and can cause several

viruses such as dengue, zika virus, yellow fever and etc.

Apple cider vinegar is a natural way to sanitize your

household surfaces – it’s a pretty good way to kill mosquito

larvae. And of course, it’s natural and non-toxic so you can

rest easy about wildlife potentially drinking from vinegar-

treated water.

Orange is a natural way to kill mosquitoes because it

can be found in the environment. Orange has an acid

called citric acid which can kill mosquitoes.

 The OrApple is a larvicide that is water base because its

components are usually liquids. The invention is non-toxic for the

components of the said invention are made from organic materials.

Retrieved from:

https://pesthacks.com/kill-mosquito-larvae-5-brilliant-tactics/ on

October 15, 2018

Statement of the Problem
1. How long does it take for the larvae to be killed after

exposure to the larvicide?

2. What initial observation was noted on the larvae upon

exposure to the larvicide?

3. Is there a change on the number of mosquitoes before

and after treatment?

Statement of the Hypotheses

1. Approximately 30 minutes is required duration to kill the

larvae after exposure to the organic larvicide.

2. The initial observation was: the larvae start to move

slowly when the organic larvicide was being poured.

3. The number of mosquitoes decreased after the

treatment.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study focuses on the effect of the application of

the organic larvicide on the stagnant water. Furthermore,

the study also aims to reduce mosquitoes and if the

mosquitoes would be reduced, then the population of the

mosquitoes would decrease.

 However, this study has factors that can affect in

conducting the study like the amount of water, amount of

larvae, and the amount of the OrApple to be mixed in the

water. It needs to be controlled because if any of these will

be done wrongly, then the study may fail and may cause

certain changes. The organic larvicide can only kill Aedes

Agypti mosquito larvae
Significance of the Study
The reason of conducting this study is to reduce the

population of mosquitoes specially the Aedes Aegypti

mosquitoes which spread dengue.

People lived near stagnant bodies of water- They hugely

benefit this organic larvicide for they can take control of the

population of the mosquitoes.

 Communities in the barangays- Using the organic

larvicide can reduce the dengue cases in their barangays.

Hospitals- they can also benefit it for it would help

reduce the number of people who are diagnosed with

dengue.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

 Mosquitoes are a group of about 3500 species of

small insects that are a type of fly. Within that order they

constitute the family Culicidae. The word "mosquito" is

Spanish for "little fly".

Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito On

December 16, 2018

 Life Cycle of a Mosquito- Knowing the different

stages of the mosquito's life will help you prevent

mosquitoes around your home and also help you choose

the right pesticides for your needs, if you decide to use

them. All mosquito species go through four distinct stages

during their life cycle:

 The first stage is the egg. The egg hatches when it is exposed

to the water. It hatches in one to two day after exposure then

would grow to be a larvae and the larvae would most likely

develop to its pupal stage in 4-14 days then turns to a fully grown

mosquito in a span of 1-4 days.

Retrieved from:

https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle On

December 16, 2018

Diseases that Mosquitoes carry- Mosquitoes are vectors

of several kind of disease. The diseases that they carry are

West Nile Virus, Encephalitis, Zika Virus, Chikungunya

Virus, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever and Malaria.

Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2sKhBIVUjZUVRIPMIp0

NIBS3jgCVvM9hRD3EJeq1XT682nOikBdqznuds#1

On December 16, 2018

West Nile virus doesn’t have any symptoms. About 1

Feeling worn out could take months to go away completely.

A few people get a more serious infection that causes brain

swelling, or meningitis. There's a very small chance you

could die. People in 48 of the 50 U.S. states, Africa,

Europe, the Middle East, and West and Central Asia have

had West Nile.

Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2fuQW1bZO0qEaXtjyMj

RaJZ8yAHGPWFnaCqYChSevWS1CagNBhs3sd70M#1

On December 16, 2018

Encephalitis- Mosquitoes can pass on viruses that

cause inflammation around your brain and spinal cord. (The

brain swelling with a serious West Nile infection is a kind of

encephalitis.)

What type you could get depends on where you are:

LaCrosse -- the 13 states east of the Mississippi River

St. Louis -- throughout the U.S., especially Florida and Gulf

of Mexico states.

Eastern Equine -- Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes

states; the Caribbean; Central and South America

Japanese -- Asia and the Western Pacific

Your doctor can give you medicine to ease your fever

and sore throat. You'll need emergency care right away for
severe symptoms, such as confusion, seizures, and

muscle weakness, to prevent brain damage and other

complications.
Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1

On December 16, 2018

Zika Virus was first found in Africa in the 1940s, this virus
Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.

Most people don't know they have Zika. The symptoms

are mild and usually run their course in less than a week.

You may have a fever, joint or muscle pain, pinkeye, or a

rash.

The virus has been linked to more serious problems:

cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome and a birth defect called

microcephaly.

Guillain-Barre is a nervous system disorder that can

cause weakness and paralysis. Most people recover over

time. Microcephaly causes a baby's head to be small and

not fully develop. Babies with this condition may have

developmental and intellectual delays and other problems.

There's no vaccine to prevent the virus. The CDC

recommends pregnant women avoid traveling to areas with

ongoing Zika infections.

Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1

On December 16, 2018

Chikungunya Virus is found mostly in the Caribbean

U.S. It causes severe pain in your joints that may last

several weeks. You'll need rest and fluids until symptoms

go away. Your doctor may suggest pain relief medicine,

too.
Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1

On December 16, 2018

Dengue Fever- You'll likely get a sudden high fever and

uncomfortable. Rest and treating the symptoms are the

only things you can do for dengue.

Some people get a more severe form, known as dengue

hemorrhagic fever. If your small blood vessels become

leaky and fluid starts to build up in your belly and lungs,

you'll need medical care right away.

 Usually people in the U.S. with dengue bring it back

with them from warm parts of Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands,

Central and South America, and the Caribbean --

especially Puerto Rico. In the last 20 years, though, there

have been outbreaks in South Texas, Hawaii, and the

Florida Keys.
Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1

On December 16, 2018

Yellow Fever- You're not likely to catch yellow fever,

Americas require travelers to get the vaccine for it. Most

people that get yellow fever won't notice anything, but

some may feel like they have a mild case of the flu. If you

get symptoms, you can relieve them with rest, fluids, and

medication, although you could feel weak and tired for

several months.
 About 15% of people who have mild symptoms will

develop severe symptoms after they start feeling better,

including a high fever, jaundice (your skin and the whites of

your eyes turn yellow), and bleeding. The disease can

make your liver and kidneys fail, and it could be fatal.

Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1

On December 16, 2018

Malaria- The oldest mosquito bite illness causes more

gotten sick from malaria parasites in the U.S. since the

early 1950s. But small outbreaks have happened when

people who got infected in warm, wet parts of the world

came back to the U.S. Countries around the equator in

Africa and tropical islands in the Pacific, such as Papua

New Guinea, have the most cases of malaria.

 You can take drugs to help prevent malaria when you

travel. Researchers are working on a vaccine.

Retrieved from:

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/illn

esses-mosquito-bites?fbclid=IwAR2RmD8VAxYiRAO5x6sv

ExlNbiJxujVs7kTJzIkblZ6B8DAZ6hcjZJalgiA#1
 Dengue Cases in the Philippines Every Year- On

average, 170,503 symptomatic dengue virus infections and

750 deaths were officially reported to the Philippines

Department of Health (DoH) annually from 2010 to 2014,

i.e., an incidence of about 178 symptomatic dengue

episodes per 100,000 population and a reported case

fatality rate of approximately 0.44%

Retrieved from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5392638/

On December 16, 2018

 Mosquito control- It manages the population of

mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health,

economies, and enjoyment. Mosquito control is a vital public-

health practice throughout the world and especially in the

tropics because mosquitoes spread many diseases, such as

malaria and the Zika virus. These are the five ways to control
mosquito population:

1. Reduce the number of breeding sites on your

property. Female mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing

water. The eggs hatch into larvae about three days later,

and about 12 days after that, adults emerge and fly away.

Considering that each female can lay up to 400 eggs and

and the life cycle is complete in about two weeks, you can

see why mosquito populations can increase so quickly.

Reducing the amount of standing water around your home

will minimize breeding sites and reduce the number of

mosquitoes. Some places to look include clogged rain

gutters, tree holes, potholes, old tires, discarded cans and

containers and the saucers of your outdoor flower pots.

2. Kill mosquito larvae where the insects breed. If you have

standing water you want and enjoy, such as a birdbath, one

option is to change the water every week. In water gardens

or ponds you can use Mosquito Control Rings which

contain a naturally occurring bacterium that kills mosquito

larvae for 30 days.

3. Remove algae from ponds. Mosquito larvae feed on

algae and other small organisms that live in water.

Oxygenating plants, and an Aquasphere Pond Cleaners will

help keep ponds and water gardens clear.

4. Use a mosquito repellent in your outdoor living space

While the first three steps will reduce the number of mosquitoes

in your yard, they won't eliminate them. That's where safe,

natural mosquito repellents come in. Check out the lineup in

our Natural Mosquito Repellents category.

5. Exclude mosquitoes from your home. Keeping windows and

screens shut to exclude mosquitoes seems

straightforward enough, but it can be hard to do. The

ingenious Hands-Free Bug Screen helps by automatically

shutting behind you as you walk through the door. Light

attracts mosquitoes and other insects, so after dark you

should also minimize outdoor lighting.

Retrieved from:

https://www.gardeners.com/how-to/controlling-mosquitoes/

5084.html

On December 16, 2018

Apple Cider Vinegar- It can kill mosquitoes because

of its strong smell. It is non-toxic to people but most likely, it

also the pH scale of 2.9 to 3.3 which is pretty acidic and it

can also kill fishes and mosquitoes because mosquitoes

lived in rain waters and dirty stagnant water which has the

pH scale of about 5.6 which is much basic. It also burns

the skin of the mosquito because of its acidity.

Retrieved from:

https://pesthacks.com/kill-mosquito-larvae-5-brilliant-tactics

On December 16, 2018

Orange- Same as the Apple Cider Vinegar, it also has

the sweet-smell that mosquitoes hate. It is also acidic with

down larvae.

Retrieved from:

https://pesthacks.com/kill-mosquito-larvae-5-brilliant-tactics

On December 16, 2018

Related Studies
Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus

sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes

aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae)

A study by Kadarkarai Murugan,Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar,

Kalimuthu Kovendan, Duraisamy Amerasan,

Jayapal Subrmaniam, Jiang-Shiou Hwang. The study

focuses on the effect of the application of orange peel

extract mosquito larvae.

The researchers dried the orange peels at

temperature room and powdered coarsely. From the peel,

300g powdered was macerated with 1 L of ethanol

sequentially for a period of 72 hours each and filtered it.

The researchers exposed the mosquito larvae with

their organic larvicide and was observed 24 hours and

recorded the results of the experiment and turned out that

the orange peel extract was effective.

Retrieved from:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-012-3021-8

on December 28, 2018

Apple Cider Vinegar: As mosquito larvicide

A research study by Michelle Miley published on

August 29,2017. The researcher used the apple cider

vinegar as a component to her study which aimed to

reduce the population of mosquito to prevent to certain

diseases like dengue, malaria and many more. The

researcher used 50 ml of apple cider vinegar and mixed it

with the water with a ratio of 15% vinegar ang 85% of

water to make the study more effective and left exposed

After 18 hours of observing, the researcher noticed that

there is some changes in the number of wrigglers on the

water. She noticed that it decreased and therefore

conclude that it was effective to use apple cider vinegar as

a larvicide.
Retrieved from:

https://www.hunker.com/13406498/how-to-kill-mosquito-lar

vae-in-standing-water-with-household-products

on December 28, 2018

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Increase number The OrApple Reduce the number of

of mosquito larvicide mosquito causing

diseases cases diseases cases

Table 2.1 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Definition of Terms

Diagnosed- identify the nature of (an illness or other

problem) by examination of the symptoms.

Distinct-recognizably different in nature from something

else of a similar type.

Emerge- move out of or away from something and come

into view.

Host-an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or

commensal organism lives.

Imago-the final and fully developed adult stage of an

insect, typically winged.

Larvicide-an agent for killing larval pests

Molts-(of an animal) shed old feathers, hair, or skin, or an

old shell, to make way for a new growth.

Swell-(especially of a part of the body) become larger or

rounder in size, typically as a result of an accumulation of

fluid.
Vector-an organism, typically a biting insect or tick that

transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to

another.

Wriggler-a wriggling animalcule or the larva of a mosquito.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter highlights how the researchers made the

study.

Research Design

Table 3.1 Variables in the study

Experiment Independent Dependent Constant

al Set-Ups Variables Variables Variables

A 150 ml of OrApple Number of • 1L of Water

• Number of
(Apple Cider larvae being
Larvae before
Vinegar= 100 ml, killed
exposure
Orange= 50ml)
Experimental Independent Dependen Constant

Set-ups Variables t variables variables

B 150 ml of OrApple Number of • Age of

(Apple Cider larvae larvae

Vinegar= 50ml, being • Health of

Orange=100 ml) killed larvae

In the research design, it shows the research variables.

The amount of OrApple in each set-up is the researchers’

independent variable. The number of mosquito larvae

being killed is the researchers’ dependent variables. The

number of larvae before exposure, age of the larvae and

health of larvae are the researchers’ constant variables.

Research Materials

The researchers used the materials such as apple cider

vinegar as one of the components for it is acidic that it can

burn the skin of the larvae. It has a pH scale of 2.9 to 3.3

which is toxic to mosquitoes for mosquitoes only survive

the pH scale of about 4 to 11. The orange is also a material

needed in the study for it is also acidic with a pH scale of

3.3 to 4.2 which also harm the larvae. It has an acidic

component named the Citric Acid which can burn down

larvae. The other materials are the measuring cups used to

measure the product. Another is the blender used to mix all

the materials. Water is used for the habitat to the larvae.

Lastly, container for both larvae and the OrApple.

Research Procedure

Gathering of Materials

The researchers gathered the materials of the study. The

materials are apple cider vinegar, orange peels, container

for the product, mosquito larvae, volume of the water,

container for larvae. The tools used for making the OrApple

are the measuring cups and the blender.

Making the OrApple

One of our component is the Orange peels so in order to

get the extract, we used the blender so that the extracts

will come out. After we blended the Orange peels, we

Strained it to the blended orange peels from its extract.

There are 2 set-ups to be used so the researchers need to

make 2 OrApple with different ammount of components.

For set-up A, using the

measuring cup, measure 100 ml of apple cider vinegar, 50

ml of orange. Mix them together using the blender to make

it easier and hassle freethen put in the container. For the

set-up B, using the measuring cup, measure 50 ml of apple

cider vinegar, 100 ml of orange. Mix them together using

the blender and put in the container.

Testing the OrApple

In each set-up should have 1L of water and 50 mosquito

larvae. In set-up A (apple cider vinegar= 100 ml, orange=

50ml), we need to pour the 200 ml OrApple. Same as the

set-up B (apple cider vinegar= 50ml, orange=100 ml). After

the researchers poured the organic larvicide to the

mosquito larvae, they waited for further results and

observed.

Observing the OrApple

After testing, the researchers observed 1 hour to know

what is happening after they poured the OrApple.

Recording and gathering data

The researchers gathered data from the experiment.

Analyzing the data

The researchers analyze and interpret the gathered data

from the experiment.

Conclusion

After observing and analyzing the gathered data,

conclusions will be then made in the experiment. In this

way, we can already tell whether the hypotheses would be

accepted or not.
Flowchart of the Procedure
Gathering of materials

Making the OrApple

Testing the OrApple

 Observing the OrApple

Recording and gathering data

Analyzing the data

 Conslusion

Figure 3.1 Flowchart of the Procedure

Research Environment

The study was conducted in Claire Dancolos’ house at

Tagunol, Cebu City. The study was taken at Claire

Dancolos’ house for all the materials needed were

available and it was conducive for our study