Thesis Content Revised No Brian

RIZAL COLLEGE OF TAAL
Taal, Batangas
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the study
Mosquitoes belong to the group of insects known as Diptera, or flies.
Mosquito means “little fly” in Spanish. Diptera means “two wings” – the
characteristic that distinguishes flies from other types of insects. What
distinguishes a mosquito from other types of flies are its proboscis (long tubular
mouthparts for sucking up fluids) and the hair-like scales on its body. As a
mosquito flies closer to its target, it looks for the movement of dark objects. Once
it finds you, it lands, inserts its proboscis and probes for blood vessels beneath the
skin. When it finds one, it injects saliva into the wound. The saliva contains an
anticoagulant that ensures a steady, smooth flow of blood. Unfortunately, the
mosquito’s saliva also may contain pathogens such as malaria parasites or
encephalitis virus. This is how mosquitoes transmit disease. Arboviruses are a
large group of viruses transmitted by insects such as mosquitos and ticks. There
has been unprecedented spread in the past 10-15 years of many of these, such as
Chikungunya in 2005 spreading from Africa into Asia and the Americas, followed
by the spread of Zika Virus. Dengue also continues to circulate and cause major
diseases. Since 2016, Yellow Fever has had a resurgence, with outbreaks in
Nigeria and Angola despite the existence of a vaccine. In addition to these four,
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Japanese Encephalitis, Rift Valley Fever and West Nile remain a significant
human health problem and are also causing significant agricultural losses. Dengue
is the most viral mosquito infection that Filipinos struggle with, and while the
fight against this disease may be challenging for the government and the people, it
can be said that the Philippines have, at least, reduced the population of people
who get easily infected with this viral infection. Dengue is transmitted by
mosquito species such as the Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Its symptoms
include joint pain, high fever, rashes, headache, muscle pain, swelling of joints,
nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. These signs appear within 3 to 7 days after the
mosquito bite.
We come up to our product entitled "Mosquito Repellant/ Air Freshener",
because of various reasons, such as the rainy season has come to us and different
mosquito-related diseases could emerge in surprise. This particular repellent can
help to reduce the possibility of these mosquito-related diseases to spread out and
infect many people. Other repellents like the ones used as a body lotion can cause
triggered allergies on some people; our proposed plan will prevent that from
happening. We built it as a repellent and at the same time an air freshener. The
effects may vary on how long it will be used.

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Statement of the Problem
1. What are the possible effects of having a mosquito repellant at home?
a. Health
b. Environment
2. What are the factors affecting the sudden increase in dengue cases?
a. Environment
b. Residents
c. Events
3. To what extent that the sudden increase of dengue cases affects the lives of the
residents in the barangay?
4. On what way to the residents living in Brgy. Sinturisan cope up with the effects
of mosquito-related diseases?
5. What plans of action may be proposed to prevent and lessen the dengue cases in
Brgy. Sinturisan?
Significance of the study
Learning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of
behavior, skills and knowledge that results from practice and experience which
sought for quality education.

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The generalization of this, the present study would be a great contribution
to the vast knowledge concerning student achievement. Vital result of this
investigation could be highly significant and beneficial especially to the following:
To students
This study will help students become aware that prevention is beneficial to
them. It will give them enough information connected to health care and
prevention.
To community
This study will help the community to understand the importance of our
health and have an active awareness of the disease or illness that we can adopt.
Cleanliness is the one that must give an action to prevent the sudden illness.
To parents
They can protect their children to stay away from dangerous places.
To teachers
They can guide the students by communicating them to limit themselves to
the variety of breeding places of the dengue mosquito-liked old tires, construction
blocks, uncovered tanks, etc.
To residence
This study was conducted to help and to prevent possible diseases caused
by mosquito bites. The children will benefit most because of insect repellant that
will help them to be safe and to prevent serious diseases to children's health.
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Scope and Delimitation of the study
The main focus of this research is to test the effectiveness of
mosquito/insect repellant to lessen the amount of mosquito/insect that causes
dengue. The mosquito/insect repellant will help to release fume/smoke to protect
the residents and lessen the amount of mosquito/insect in your houses.
The air freshener device mosquito/insect repellant is made up of ingredients
that are organic to have no effects on the health of the people who will use the
product. The said ingredients are garlic, lemon juice and lemongrass. All of them
have no proven serious effect on health.
However, the study didn't include possible future events. It only focuses on
the current situation of the community but it cannot assure that its effectiveness
will be the same for the next years because of some biological reason that can
happen sometimes among all organisms.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
Dengue is endemic in the Philippines and poses a substantial economic
burden in the country. In this work, a compartmentalized model which includes
healthcare-seeking class is developed. The reproduction number is determined to
investigate critical parameters influencing transmission. Partial rank correlation
coefficient (PRCC) technique is performed to address how the model output is
affected by changes in a specific parameter disregarding the uncertainty over the
rest of the parameters. Results show that mosquito biting rate, transmission
probability from mosquito to human, respectively, from human to mosquito, and
fraction of individuals who seek healthcare at the onset of the disease, posted high
PRCC values. In order to obtain the values for the desired parameters, the reported
dengue cases by morbidity week in the Philippines for the year 2014 and 2015 are
used. The reliability of parameters is then verified via parametric bootstrap.
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328503705_Dengue_in_the_Philippines
_model_and_analysis_of_parameters_affecting_transmission)
The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a population of
about 101 million. The country lags behind most of Southeast and North Asia in
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terms of health outcomes. Dengue was first detected in the Philippines in the
1950s and remains a concern because of widespread endemicity, minimal success
of vector control measures, the possibility of sequential infection by different
serotypes and the risk for severe disease.
In the new work, Jacqueline Deen, of the University of the Philippines --
Manila, and colleagues used four databases -- PubMed, the Cochrane Library,
Science Direct, and the Health Research and Development Information Network.
They searched each for articles dating 1958 through 2017 that included keywords
related to dengue as well as the Philippines.
The team identified and reviewed 135 eligible studies on dengue in the
Philippines; 33% were descriptive epidemiological studies or case series, 16%
were entomologic or vector control studies, 12% were studies on dengue virology,
10% were socio-behavioral and economic studies, 8% were clinical trials, 7%
were on burden of disease, 7% were on markers of disease severity, 5% were on
diagnostics, and 2% were modeling. In recent years, the number of dengue
publications increased, and types of investigations became more complex and
diverse, the review noted. However, they also identified several knowledge gaps:
long-term comparative analysis of epidemiological patterns by site and year,
studies on newer intervention measures as they become available, and more basic
laboratory research are needed.
(https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190425143700.htm)
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Manila, Philippines - Emie Angeles and her husband, Rico Reyes, have not
had a decent night's sleep for days. Two weeks ago, the couple rushed two of their
children, two-year-old Katelyn and seven-year-old KD, to hospital with a fever of
over 39C (102.2 Fahrenheit) that would not subside. Katelyn had contracted
dengue last year and the couple did not want to take any chances. Her blood test
was positive for dengue while KD's showed no infection but indicated a low
platelet level, so the parents decided to have both children admitted. Two days
later, Katelyn no longer had a fever. "She was already singing her favorite song
about balloons ... We were getting ready to go home," Reyes said.
THE CURE: Eliminating Dengue (6:59)
Then Katelyn's fever came back. “It all happened so fast. She vomited
blood, her nose began bleeding and she began to convulse. The doctors tried to
revive her but …" said Katelyn's mother, still dazed. Katelyn was pronounced
dead on September 8. dengue outbreak
Over the past months, the Philippines has been grappling to stem its worst
dengue outbreak since 2012.According to the Department of Health, a total of
271,480 dengue cases were reported from January to August 31 of this year,
prompting the declaration of a national dengue epidemic. In 2012, 187,031 cases
of dengue were recorded. As of August 31, this year, an estimated 1,107 people
have died of dengue in the Philippines, almost half were children between five and
nine years of age. At Manila's Tondo Medical Center, where Katelyn was treated,
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21 dengue patients were crowded into one room in the pediatric ward. Two to
three patients have to share a bed, with additional beds set up in the corridors to
deal with the overflow. “Children are particularly susceptible to dengue because
they have weaker immune systems compared to adults," said Amado Parawan,
health and nutrition officer at Save the Children Philippines. (aljazeera.com)
The Philippine health ministry has urged local officials to ramp up efforts
to combat dengue fever after the death toll from the epidemic reached 1,021.
The young have borne the brunt of the outbreak, with children under the age of 10
accounting for more than a third of the deaths recorded in the eight months up to
August, when a national epidemic of the mosquito-borne disease was declared.
(buzzfeed.com)
MANILA -- The Department of Health (DOH) on Wednesday reminded the
public anew to take precautionary measures to avoid contracting dengue amid the
increase of the cases of the disease nationwide.
"We're preparing because we're expecting 2019 to be a big dengue year.
The way dengue behaves is that you get one or two years of low cases and on the
third year, tumataas ([it] rises)," Health Undersecretary Enrique Domingo said in a
television interview.
The DOH Epidemiology Bureau (EB) has reported 48,634 dengue cases in
the first quarter of 2019 with 184 deaths.

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The figure showed significant increase from 23,328 cases with 150 deaths
for the same period last year.
The DOH EB said Central Visayas has the highest number of cases this
year with 5,421 followed by Metro Manila with 4,855 cases, CALABARZON
with 4,851 cases, Caraga Region with 4,570 cases and Central Luzon with 4,009
cases. Domingo said the cases are expected to rise in June which is the start of the
rainy season.
However, he warned the public against possible attack of dengue-carrying
mosquitoes in the day during summer time.
“Iyong dengue mosquito kasi bites during the day so usually mga dawn
hanggang an hour or two after sunset, so during the day syempre nakakatakot pa
rin dengue sa mga bata (The dengue mosquito bites during the day so usually from
dawn until an hour or two after the sunset, so during the day of course dengue is
still unsafe for children) and then the very old, so protect our children," he said.
He added that such mosquitoes also breed in stagnant waters, such as those in
clogged rain gutters, sewers and discarded tires.
Those who have been injected with the anti-dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, are
still susceptible to the disease, Domingo said.
"Iyong mga nabakunahan dati, we tell them huwag na nating hintayin na
grabe yung nararamdaman ng mga bata, basta may lagnat, isa, dalawang araw,
may masakit ang tyan, masakit ang ulo, masakit ang mata dalhin na agad
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sa hospitals natin (Those who have been vaccinated before, we tell them not to
wait for the condition of the child to worsen. As long as they have fever, one, two
days, stomach pain, headache, and pain in the eyes, bring them immediately to our
hospitals)," he said.
Sudden onset of high fever for two to seven days, joint and muscle pains,
pain behind the eyes, weakness, skin rashes, nose bleeding, abdominal pains,
vomiting, dark-colored stool, and breathing difficulty are the symptoms of dengue.
The DOH urged the public to practice the 4-S strategy in their households
--search and destroy mosquito-breeding sites; self-protection measures like
wearing long pants and long-sleeved shirts and daily use of mosquito repellent;
seek early consultation; and support fogging or spraying only in hotspot areas
where increase in cases is registered for two consecutive weeks to prevent an
impending outbreak.
(www.pna.com)
FOREIGN
According to the World Health Organization, dengue fever is the most
critical mosquito-borne disease in the world – it's also the most rapidly spreading.
There has been a 30-fold increase in global incidence over the past 50 years.
Dengue fever can develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever, or severe
dengue, which is a more acute form of the disease. Severe dengue

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can include symptoms such as bleeding under the skin and constant vomiting. It
continues to be a dangerous threat to global health. Dengue viruses can be grouped
into four serotypes, all of which can cause disease. Prior infection with one dengue
serotype is believed to make people more likely to develop severe dengue in later
infections.
(www.worldmosquitoprogram.com)
In Pakistan dengue fever was first reported in Karachi in 1994. After that
dengue endemic is spreading in Pakistan at faster rate due to varied contributing
factors including overpopulation, urbanization which in turn leads to lack of
proper water management, lack of effective dengue control programs and
international travel and trade. National Guidelines for Dengue Vector Control in
Pakistan revealed that from 1995 to 2004 only 699 cases of dengue were reported
from three districts of Pakistan.
A sudden rise in cases of dengue fever was witnessed in year 2005 in
Karachi. During the year 2010 16,580 cases of dengue fever and 257 deaths were
reported in Lahore and about 5000 survivors of dengue fever whereas 60 deaths
were reported from rest of the areas of Pakistan. In 2013, 6376 cases of dengue
fever and 23 deaths were reported from Swat, Pakistan.
Despite the efforts to control spread of dengue virus, recent national survey
data indicates that prevalence of dengue among population is still on the rise and
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there is a high mortality rate due to dengue fever in Pakistan. This is evident that
by providing knowledge about dengue and preventive measures to people dengue
infection can be avoided. There is a dire need to aware people about dengue virus
in order to knock back this epidemic. That’s way awareness campaigns are
launched all over the world including Pakistan to aware people about dengue
virus. The main purpose of this research was to check the level of awareness about
dengue among university student in Azad Kashmir. It is much important to aware
everyone because any one’s irresponsibility can give chance to grow dengue
mosquito, which can eventually affect the whole area. There are very few studies
aimed at assessing the level of awareness regarding dengue fever in Pakistan
although such information is necessary for better interventions to control dengue.
Notably, in Azad Kashmir study concerning this issue is never carried out before.
Keeping in view the importance and research gap on the problem the present study
was designed in order to check level of awareness of people regarding dengue and
preventive measures.
(dailyreport.com/dengue.cases.in.pakistan)
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all
regions of WHO in recent years. Dengue virus is transmitted by female
mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae.
albopictus. These mosquitoes are also vectoring of chikungunya, yellow fever and
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Zika viruses. Dengue is widespread throughout the tropics, with local variations in
risk influenced by rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and unplanned rapid
urbanization.
Dengue causes a wide spectrum of disease. This can range from subclinical
disease (people may not know they are even infected) to severe flu-like symptoms
in those infected. Although less common, some people develop severe dengue,
which can be any number of complications associated with severe bleeding, organ
impairment and/or plasma leakage. Severe dengue has a higher risk of death when
not managed appropriately. Severe dengue was first recognized in the 1950s
during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. Today, severe dengue
affects most Asian and Latin American countries and has become a leading cause
of hospitalization and death among children and adults in these regions. Dengue is
caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and there are four distinct, but closely
related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3
and DENV-4). Recovery from infection provides lifelong immunity against that
particular serotype. However, cross-immunity to the other serotypes after recovery
is only partial, and temporary. Subsequent infections (secondary infection) by
other serotypes increase the risk of developing severe dengue.
Dengue has distinct epidemiological patters, associated with the four
serotypes of the virus. These can co-circulate within a region/country and indeed
many countries are hyper-endemic for all four serotypes. Dengue has an alarming
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impact on both human health and the global and national economies. Dengue virus
is frequently transported from one place to another by infected travelers; when
susceptible vectors are present in these new areas, there is the potential for local
transmission to be established.
Global burden of dengue
The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent
decades. A vast majority of cases are asymptomatic or mild and self-managed, and
hence the actual numbers of dengue cases are under-reported. Many cases are also
misdiagnosed as other febrile illnesses.
One modelling estimate indicates 390 million dengue virus infections per
year (95% credible interval 284–528 million), of which 96 million (67–136
million) manifest clinically (with any severity of disease). Another study on the
prevalence of dengue estimates that 3.9 billion people are at risk of infection with
dengue viruses. Despite a risk of infection existing in 128 countries, 70% of the
actual burden is shouldered by Asia.
The number of dengue cases reported to WHO increased ~6 fold, from <0.5
million in 2010 to over 3.34 million in 2016. These numbers are from member
States in only three WHO regions (SEARO, WPRO and PAHO), who regularly
report their case numbers; there are other countries and regions that do not provide
reports. This alarming increase in case numbers is partly explained by a change in
national practices to record and report dengue to the Ministries of Health, and to
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the WHO. But it also represents government recognition of the burden, and
therefore the pertinence to report dengue disease burden.
Therefore, although the full global burden of the disease is uncertain, this
growth is only bringing us closer to a more accurate estimate of the full extent of
the problem.
Distribution and outbreaks of dengue
Before 1970, only 9 countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics.
The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries in the WHO regions of
Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and the Western
Pacific. The America, South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions are the most
seriously affected, with Asia representing ~70% of the global burden of disease.
Cases across the Americas, South-East Asia and Western Pacific exceeded
1.2 million in 2008 and over 3.34 million in 2016 (based on official data submitted
by Member States).
Not only is the number of cases increasing as the disease spreads to new
areas including Europe, but explosive outbreaks are occurring. The threat of a
possible outbreak of dengue fever now exists in Europe as local transmission was
reported for the first time in France and Croatia in 2010 and imported cases were
detected in 3 other European countries. In 2012, an outbreak of dengue on the
Madeira islands of Portugal resulted in over 2000 cases and imported cases were
detected in mainland Portugal and 10 other countries in Europe. Among travelers

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returning from low- and middle-income countries, dengue is the second most
diagnosed cause of fever after malaria.
The year 2016 was characterized by large dengue outbreaks worldwide.
The Region of the Americas region reported more than 2.38 million cases in 2016,
where Brazil alone contributed slightly less than 1.5 million cases, approximately
three times higher than in 2014. 1032 dengue deaths were also reported in the
region. The Western Pacific Region reported more than 375,000 suspected cases
of dengue in 2016, of which the Philippines reported 176 411 and Malaysia 100
028 cases, representing a similar burden to the previous year for both countries.
The Solomon Islands declared an outbreak with more than 7000 suspected. In the
African Region, Burkina Faso reported a localized outbreak of dengue with 1061
probable cases.
In 2017, a significant reduction was reported in the number of dengue cases
in the Americas - from 2 177 171 cases in 2016 to 584 263 cases in 2017. This
represents a reduction of 73%. Panama, Peru and Aruba were the only countries
that registered an increase in cases during 2017.
Similarly, a 53% reduction in severe dengue cases was also recorded during 2017.
The post Zika outbreak period (after 2016) has seen a decline of cases of dengue
and the exact factors leading to this fall are still unknown. WHO’s Western Pacific
Region has reported dengue outbreaks in several countries in the Pacific, as well
as the circulation of DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes.

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After a drop in the number of cases in 2017-18, a sharp increase in cases is
being observed in 2019. In the Western Pacific region, increase in cases have been
observed in Australia, Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Vietnam. DENV-2 was reported in New Caledonia and DENV-1 in
French Polynesia. Dengue outbreaks have also been reported in Congo, Côte
d’Ivoire, Tanzania in the African region; Several countries of the American region
-Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and Honduras have also observed an increase in the
number of cases. Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, parts of India have also
recorded increase in dengue cases in South-East Asian region and Pakistan and
Sudan have also reported increase in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
An estimated 500 000 people with severe dengue require hospitalization
each year, and with an estimated 2.5% case fatality, annually. However, many
countries have reduced the case fatality rate to less than 1% and globally, decline
in case fatality have been recorded between 2010 and 2016 with significant
improvement in case management through capacity building at country level.
(www.who.int)
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study,
research instrument, preparation and validation of the instrument and the data
gathering procedures that are used in this research.
RESEARCH DESIGN
In this research the researchers used the descriptive method using
questionnaires as the primary instrument to gather information needed. This
methodology was considered fitted in our study because it is designed for the
investigation to gather information about the effect of the electronic air freshener
as a mosquito repellant to the citizens of Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of the study are the citizens of Brgy. Sinturisan, San
Nicolas, Batangas.
PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
The study determined information about the respondents.

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AGE. Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents according to age.
TABLE 1
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO AGE
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
18-25 years old 3 15
26-40 years old 8 40
41 years old and above 9 45

TOTAL 20 100
The result of Table 1 shows the age of the residents of Brgy. Sinturisan,
San Nicolas, Batangas. Three or 15% of the respondents were under 18-25 years
old. Eight or 40% of the respondents were under 26-40 years old. And 9 or 45% of
the respondents were under 41 years old and above.
GENDER. Table 2 shows the distribution of the respondents according to gender.
TABLE 2
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO GENDER
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 8 40
Female 12 60
TOTAL 20 100
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The result of Table 2 interprets that the respondents have eight or 40% and
the female respondents have remaining twelve or 60% with a total of twenty
respondents or 100%.
CIVIL STATUS. Table 3 shows the distribution of the respondents according to
civil status.
TABLE 3
CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Single 5 25
Married 15 75
TOTAL 20 100
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO CIVIL STATUS
The result of Table 3 conveys and the percentage of residents of Brgy.
Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas based on their civil status. In this table we can
barely see that five or 25% of the respondents were single and the remaining
fifteen or 75% were married.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
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The researchers developed a questionnaire to gather the required
information.
The questionnaire was the main instrument in gathering the data. Aside
from questionnaires, the documentary and analysis of data were used to gather the
information needed in this study. The researchers adopted the mentioned
instrument and techniques which were most appropriate for gathering insights on
the effects of the electronic air freshener as a mosquito repellant to the citizens of
Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas
PREPARATION AND VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNARES
The questionnaire was prepared personally by the researchers. The
statements in the questionnaire were taken from different sources like the internet,
books and journals. The researchers were guided by the teacher in the preparation
of their questionnaire.
The researchers prepared the first draft of the questionnaire and presented it
to the teacher for corrections and suggestions. After considering the corrections
and suggestions, the final copy was prepared to give enough copies for
respondents.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

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A formal letter was given to the Principal, for the administration of survey
questionnaires and the permission to get some information from the respondents in
Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas
Upon approval, the researcher began to ask the permission of the school
and respondents if they allow the researchers to be surveyed about the (TOPIC).
After that, the researchers distribute the questionnaires and let them answer it with
truthfulness and sincerity.
SCORING OF RESPONDENTS
After the retrieval of the questionnaire data were collected and tabulated.
The following scales were utilized in the analysis and interpretation of data.
WEIGHT RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION
5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Neutral
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
The following statistical tools were utilized to statistically treat the gathered
data for analysis and interpretation and give meaning and implications.
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Percentage- this was used as a descriptive measure especially in showing the
relationship between two or more magnitudes using the formula.
f/N x 100
Where:
P= percentage
F= frequency
N= total number of respondents
Ranking- This is another descriptive measure used to describe numerical data in
addition to percentage. The ranking was employed for cooperative purposes and
showing the positional importance of items being analyzed.
Weighted Mean- This was employed to determine the responses of the
questionnaire was used and the weighted points were assigned for quantitative
analysis the formula used was.
X=
∑ fx
n
Where:
X= Weighted Mean
∑ = Summation of
X = Weighted of each point
∑ fx = Sum of the product of the frequencies and weight point each option.
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Procedures on making the mosquito repellant solution:
Gather all the ingredients needed on making the solution.
Wash the lemons and cut them into halves. Get the juice of the lemon by
squeezing it tightly through a bowl. Squeeze until it runs out of juice. Set aside.
Boil water together with the lemon skins to also get some juice for at least 10
minutes. Wait until it cools down.

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Peel the garlic and cut them into small pieces.
Mix the cut garlic with the lemon juice. Add some amount of boiled water with the
lemon skin’s aroma. Mix it thoroughly.

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Procedures on making the air freshener:
Gather all the materials needed for making the technology. Draw a pattern on the
lunch box cover which will be cut on. Follow the pattern and proceed on cutting.
Attach the battery, switch and the CPU fan in the lunch box used in making the
project.
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Using a drill, make a hole, beside the lunch box.
Insert the wire to connect the CPU fan to the battery and switch.
Put the solution inside and cover the lunch box.
CHAPTER IV
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This section presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered
from the residents- respondents through a questionnaire.
1. Possible Effects of Having a Mosquito Repellant at Home
1.1 Health. The effects of having mosquito repellant at home in terms of
health are indicated in Table 1.

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Table 1
Health
Residents
Indicators WM VI R
1.) Avoiding the presence of mosquitoes which usually
carrying the diseases such as malaria, dengue, etc.
4.25 SA 5
(maiiwasan ang pagkakaroon ng lamok na karaniwang
nagdadala ng mga sakit tuland ng malerya, dengue, atbp.)
2.) Seldom reports of mosquito cases that is associated
normally in dengue topic.
4.30 SA 4
(Bihirang mga report na may kinalaman sa mga isyung pang
kalusugan tulad ng dengue.)
3.) Having some complications that can be triggered by the
ingredients in the product such as allergies. (Pagkakaroon ng
ibang kumplikasyon na maaring dulot ng mga sangkap na 4.60 SA 1
ginamit sa produkto. Maaring allergi o iba pang
kumplikasyon.)
4.) Being more productive since there are no diseases
because it is prevented by the mosquito repellant. (pagiging
4.45 SA 2
produktibo/ maraming nagagawa dahil walang sakit dulot ng
pang taboy sa lamok.)
5.) having a peace of mind that they have a higher chance of
not getting beaten by the mosquitos. (pag kakaroon ng
4.45 SA 2
kapayapaan sa isip na sila ay may mataas na tsanyang hindi
makagat ng mga lamok.)
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 4.41 SA
Based on the above-mentioned data, the average weighted mean of 4.41
was revealed that the citizens in Brgy. Sinturisan can avoid or lessen the presence
of mosquito in their home with the use of mosquito repellant. But there’s a chance
that it can affect the health of citizens such as allergies. Foremost in the rank of the
Taal, Batangas

following indicators the citizen can have some complications that can be triggered
by the ingredients in the product such as allergies obtaining the highest weighted
mean of 4.60. Moreover, the citizen was able to be more productive since there
are no diseases because it is prevented by the mosquito repellant and have a peace
of mind that they have a higher chance of not getting beaten by the mosquitoes.
These were committed by the citizen above average as supported by the weighted
mean of 4.45. The indicator that depicts seldom reports of mosquito cases that is
associated normally in dengue topic has a weighted mean of 4.30. It was also
disclosed that citizens avoiding the presence of mosquitoes which usually carrying
diseases such as malaria, dengue and etc. at a specific idea as supported by the
weighted mean of 4.25.
As a whole, the possible effect of having mosquito repellant at home is it
will lessen or avoid the presence of mosquito and the citizen can get some
complication that can be triggered by the ingredients of the product such as
allergies.
1.2 Environment. The effects of having a mosquito repellant in terms of
environment are indicated in Table 2.
Table 2
Environment
Students
Indicators
WM VI R
Taal, Batangas

1.) Having a safe community that is far from any
mosquito diseases.
4.55 SA 1
(Pagkakaroon ng ligtas na komunidad na Malaya
sa anumang sakit na dulot ng lamok.)
2.) In some situation, plants near the area which
a mosquito repellant is being used, wilt and died.
(Sa ibang sitwasyon, ang mga halamang malapit 3.20 N 3
sa lugar kung saan ginagamit ang “mosquito
repellant”, ay namamatay o di kaya’y nalalanta.)
3.) The environment looks clean because there
are no mosquitoes wondering around.
4.50 SA 2
(Nagmumukhang malinis ang kapaligiran dahil
walang lamok na lumilipad sa paligid.)
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 4.08 A
The findings seemed to show that having a mosquito repellant in the
environment can have a safe community that is far from any mosquito diseases as
supported by the weighted mean of 4.55. It was disclosed that the environment
looks clean because there are no mosquitoes wondering around with the average
weighted mean of 4.50. Moreover, in some situations, plants near the area in
which a mosquito repellant is being used, wilt and died as confirmed by the
As a whole, the effect of having a mosquito repellant in terms of
environment can have a safe community and the environment looks clean because
there are no mosquitoes wondering around.

Taal, Batangas
2. Factors Affecting the Sudden Increase of Dengue Cases
2.1 Environment. The factors affecting the sudden increase of dengue
cases in terms of environment are presented Table 3.
Table 3
Environment
Indicators Residents
Taal, Batangas

WM VI R
1.) Having a stagnant water that serve as
reservoir for mosquitoes.
4.75 SA 2
(Pagkakaroon ng mga naka stock na tubig na
pinamumugaran ng lamok.)
2.) Having too much plants that surrounds the
barangay.
4.30 SA 4
(Pagkakaroon ng maraming halamang
nakapaligid sa barangay.
3.) Having dirty surroundings.
4.85 SA 1
(Pagkakaroon ng maduming kapaligiran.)
4.) Predators of mosquitoes are lessened like
frogs.
4.25 SA 5
(Pag unti ng mga hayop na kumakain sa mga
lamok tulad ng palaka.)
5.) Having a dark environment that attracts
mosquitoes.
4.35 SA 3
(Pagkakaroon ng madilim na kapaligiran na
nakakaakit sa lamok.)
Base on Table 3, the average weighted mean of 4.50 strongly agreed by the
respondents shows that all the indicators above are the situation that depicts the
environment in Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas. The respondents who are
having dirty surroundings have a weighted mean of 4.85 strongly agreed. Having
stagnant water have a weighted mean of 4.75 strongly agreed. On the other hand,
having a dark environment has a weighted mean of 4.35 agreed. Having too much
plant has a weighted mean of 4.30 agreed and fourth on the ranking. And lastly
often the predator of mosquitoes that got the weighted mean of 4.25 agreed.
Taal, Batangas
2.2 Residents. The factors affecting the sudden increase of dengue cases in
terms of residents are presented Table 4.
Table 4
Residents
Indicators Residents
WM VI R
1.) Residents forgot usually to check their surroundings.
(Nakakalimutan ng mga residenteng I check ang kanilang 4.35 SA 3
kapaligiran.)
Taal, Batangas
2.) Residents effort to clean their environment is not enough.

4.35 SA 3
(Hindi sapat ang ginagawang paglilinis ng mga residente sa
kapaligiran.)
3.) They are lack of equipment that can kill mosquitoes.

4.60 SA 2
(Wala silang sapat na kagamitan upang mapatay ang mga
lamok.)
4.) Some residents ignore the possible dangers of mosquitos.
(may ibang residenteng binabalewala ang kapahamakang 4.10 A 5
dulot ng mga lamok.)
5.) Residents do not clean their surroundings regularly.
(May mga residenteng hindi palaging naglilinis ng kanilang 4.75 SA 1
paligid)
For the Table 4, 4.43 is the average weighted mean that depicts that the
respondents are agreed that all the indicators above are the factors affecting the
residents in Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas. Residents do not clean their
surroundings regularly has a weighted mean of 4.75 strongly agreed which
conveys that among all indicators listed above it is the one that the respondents are
agreed the most. Second on the list is lack of equipment that can kill mosquitoes
gather a weighted mean of 4.60 strongly agreed. Next one is the resident forgot
usually to check their surroundings and the resident effort to clean their
environment have a weighted mean of 4.35 agreed. And the last, resident ignore
the possible danger of mosquitoes have a weighted mean of 4.10 which conveys
that the respondents agreed but it is the least among the given indicators.
Taal, Batangas
2.3 Events. The factors affecting the sudden increase of dengue cases in
terms of events are presented Table 5.
Table 5
Events
Residents
Indicators
WM VI R
1. In rainy seasons, dengue cases are High.
4.60 SA 2
(Sa tag-ulan dumarami ang kaso ng dengue)
2. In dirty environment is where the mosquitoes lived.
(Sa maduming kapaligiran ang kadalasang pinamumugaran ng 4.75 SA 1
lamok.)
Taal, Batangas

3. Weather disturbances affect the population of mosquitoes
4.10 A 4
(Isa ang panahon na nakaka-apekto sa pagdami ng lamo.)
4. Lesser predators lead to more prey which is mosquitoes.
4.10 A 4
(Pag unti ng mga hayop na kumakain sa lamok)
5. Too much bushes can be one of the reasons why there are so
many mosquitoes.
4.55 SA 3
(Maraming mga halaman ang dahilan kung bakit marami ang
mga lamok.)
From Table 5, it clearly is seen that the average weighted mean is 4.42
which represents that the indicators presented above were agreed by the
respondents when it comes to the factors affecting the events in Brgy. Sinturisan,
San Nicolas, Batangas. First in the ranking is the dirty environment where the
mosquitoes lived that gains the weighted mean of 4.75 strongly agreed. The rainy
season has a weighted mean of 4.60 that depicts that respondent’s responses are
strongly agreed also. On the other hand, too many bushes have a weighted mean of
4.55 which the respondents find it as the indicator that they agreed. And lastly,
Weather disturbance and lesser predators have a tied weighted mean of 4.10 which
means this indicator can be treated as the least choices for the respondents to agree
with.
3. The extent does the sudden increase of dengue cases affects the lives of the
residents
Taal, Batangas

Table 6 shows to what extent does the sudden increase of dengue cases
affects the lives of the residents of Brgy. Sinturisan, Taal, Batangas.
Table 6
Effects in the Lives of the Residents
Residents
Indicators
WM VI R
1. To the point that the residents avoid wondering outside
every afternoon
3.95 N 5
(Umabot sa puntong umiiwas ang mga residenteng lumabas
tuwing hapon.)
2. They use many ways to kill mosquitoes like fogging, 4.45 SA 3
spraying baygons, etc.
(Gumagamit sila ng mga ibat ibang paraan upang mapatay ang
Taal, Batangas

mga lamok tulad ng pag papausok, pag spray ng baygon,
atbp.)
3. They now have awareness to regularly check and clean their
surroundings.
4.40 SA 4
(May roon na silang kamalayan upang palagiang tingnan at
linisin ang kanilang kapaligiran.)
4. They avoid to skin exposure to prevent mosquito bites.
(Umiiwas silang mag pakita ng kanilang balat upang 4.70 SA 1
maiwasang makagat ng lamok.)
5. In some cases, they are affected financially cause of the
treatment needs to treat the mosquito-diseases like dengue
(Sa ilang kaso, na aapektuhan sila sa pinansyal dahil sa mga 4.55 SA 2
gamot na kinakailangan upang magamot ang mga sakit na dala
ng lamok tulad ng dengue.)
According to the study's gathered data, the sudden increase of dengue cases
which affects the lives of the barangay reaches a great extent based on the average
weighted mean of 4.41. Foremost in the rank of the following indicators is they
avoid skin exposure to prevent mosquito bites from obtaining the highest weighted
mean of 4.70. It was disclosed that in some cases, they are affected financially
cause of the treatment needs to treat the mosquito diseases like dengue is definite
inferring to a great extent as disclosed by the weighted mean of 4.55. For the third
rank, it is proved that they use many ways to kill mosquitoes like fogging,
spraying baygons, etc. by its weighted mean of 4.45. The data gathered portrayed
that they now have the awareness to regularly check and clean their surroundings
Taal, Batangas

to a great extent as revealed by the weighted mean of 4.40. However, it has been
discovered that the residents reach the point that they avoid wondering outside
every afternoon with the rank gaining the lowest weighted mean of 3.95.
4. The ways the residents living in Brgy. Sinturisan cope up the effect’s
mosquito-related diseases.
The way the residents living in Brgy. Sinturisan cope up the effect’s
mosquito-related diseases are presented in Table 7.
Table 7
Ways to cope up the effects of mosquito-related diseases
Residents
Indicators
WM VI R
1. They use coil.
4.70 SA 2
(Gumagamit sila ng mga katol)
2. They use electric mosquito killer
(Gumagamit sila ng mga bagay na ginagamitan 4.30 SA 4
ng kuryente pampatay ng lamok.)
3. Wearing protective clothes such as pajamas,
long sleeves, etc.)
(Nagsusuot ng mga damit na mahahaba ang 4.45 SA 3
kamay tulad ng long sleeves o minsay pajama
para sa binti.)
Taal, Batangas

4. Using net at night
4.25 SA 5
(Gumagamit ng kulambo sa gabi.)
5. Using anti mosquito sprays such as baygon,
baolilai, etc.
4.75 SA 1
(Gumagamit ng mga pang spray na pamatay
lamok na gaya ng baygon, bolilai, atbp.)
Based on the above-mentioned data, the overall average weighted mean of
4.49 strongly revealed the ways of the residents in Brgy. Sinturisan in coping up
with the effects of mosquito-related diseases. It was disclosed that the residents
use anti-mosquito sprays such as baygon, baolilai, etc. which ranked first in the
following indicators as supported by a weighted mean of 4.75. Residents use coil
ranked second with a weighted mean of 4.70. It also shows that wearing protective
clothing such as pajamas, long sleeves, etc. as shown by the weighted mean of
4.45. Followed by the use of an electric mosquito killer with a weighted mean of
4.30. However, the last in the rank was using the net at night with a weighted
mean of 4.25.
5. Plans of action may be proposed to prevent and lessen the dengue cases in
Brgy. Sinturisan.
Table 8 depicts the actions that can be proposed to prevent and lessen the
dengue cases in Brgy. Sinturisan.
Taal, Batangas
Table 8
Actions to Prevent and Lessen the Dengue Cases
Residents
Indicators
WM VI R
1. Produce a product that can help to reduce the
mosquito bites which can harm the residents.
(Pagkakaroon ng isang produktong makakatulong
4.60 SA 1
upang mabawasan ang mga pagkagat ng lamok
na maaring magdulot ng kapahamakan sa
residente.)
2. Make your house clean and presentable always
4.60 SA 1
(Gawing malinis at presentable palagi.)
3. Use mosquito net at night.
4.25 SA 5
(Paggamit ng kulambo sa gabi.)
4. Wear clothes which mosquitos couldn’t bite 4.35 SA 4
you.
Taal, Batangas

(Pagsusuot ng mga kasuotang makakatulong
upang hindi makagat ng lamok.)
5. Use anti mosquito killers
4.55 SA 3
(Paggamit ng mga pamatay lamok.)
From Table 8, it clearly is seen that the average weighted mean is 4.47
which represents that the indicators presented above were strongly agreed by the
respondents when it comes to the actions to prevent and lessen the dengue cases in
Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas, Batangas. First in the ranking is Produce a product
that can help to reduce the mosquito bites which can harm the residents that gains
the weighted mean of 4.60 which means that the respondents are strongly agree
tied with this is the making your house clean and presentable always that depicts
that respondents are strongly agreed also. On the other hand, using anti-mosquito
killers have a weighted mean of 4.55 which the respondents find it as the indicator
that they are strongly agreed. The next one is wearing clothes in which mosquitoes
couldn’t bite them which has a 4.35 weighted mean. And lastly, using mosquito
net at night has a weighted mean of 4.25 which means this indicator can be treated
as the least choices for the respondents to agree with.
Trial and Error

Minutes Range Mosquitoes Swayed
15 2 meters 4
30 3 meters 8
45 3 meters 8
Taal, Batangas

60 4 meters 10
1 Hour 4 meters 30
From the table above, it can be seen that the product’s longest range can
cover is 4 meters. For some time, starting from 15 minutes with an interval of 15
minutes, it is noticeable that when the aroma in the product reached 30 minutes,
the range increases by one meter from 2 meters to 3. It's also the same result in the
following time recorded at 45 minutes. However, when it reached the given time
that is one hour or 60 minutes, it ranges up to 4 meters. The table also implies that
as the ranges go longer, it sways more mosquitoes compared to the number of the
mosquitoes being swayed when it is on its initial point. In 15 minutes, which
ranges from 2 meters, affects 4 mosquitoes. In 30 and 45 minutes that’s ranges the
same, which is 3 meters affect 8 mosquitoes, it is probably because of the same
range. When it reached its peak point, which is 4 meters, it affects 10 mosquitoes
that are 2 times more than on its initial position and two more than in 3 meters, but
again it is probably because of its wider and longer range.
It can be concluded that the product is effective for a couple of hours but is
needed to be refilled with the solution to continue its effects. However, the effects
of it cannot be belittled even though it seems that there are a lot of factors it did
not meet it is foolish to think that this is only a trial and error segment. Its effects
will vary depending on the situation. The aim also for this product is to only sway
the mosquitoes but not to kill them.

Taal, Batangas
CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings
Based on the data collected and analyzed the following significant findings
were yielded in this study:
1.Possible Effects of Having a Mosquito Repellant at Home
1.1 Health. The overall combined mean rating is 4.41 which means that the
respondents strongly agree that the indicators are depicting the possible effects of
having a mosquito repellent at home. Leading in the rank was the indicator that
shows the situation of having some complications that can be triggered by the
ingredients in the product such as allergies that gets a weighted mean of 4.60 while
the last on the rank was the indicator that shows avoiding the presence of
Taal, Batangas

mosquitoes which usually carrying the diseases such as malaria, dengue, etc..
which gets a weighted mean of 4.25.
1.2 Environment. For the environmental factors the finding is that this
factor gets a weighted mean of 4.08 that corresponds to the respondents' answers
which agree that environmental factors are also affected by having a mosquito
repellant at home. The first one on the ranking is the indicator that having a safe
community that is far from any mosquito diseases which gets a weighted mean of
4.55 which indicates that the respondents strongly agree with this. On the other
hand, the last on the ranking is the indicator stating in some situations, plants near
the area in which a mosquito repellant is being used, wilt and died that gather a
2. Factors Affecting the Sudden Increase of Dengue Cases
2.1Environment. The combined weighted mean for this factor is 4.50
which represents the respondent’s answers strongly agree that environmental
factors are associated with the increase of dengue cases. Leading on the ranking
was having dirty surroundings that get a weighted mean of 4.85 while the indicator
that states that predators of mosquitoes are lessened like frogs that get a weighted
mean of 4.25 is the last in the ranking.
2.2 Residents. The overall weighted mean is 4.43 that simply means that
the respondents strongly agree that the residents are also responsible for the
Taal, Batangas

increase of dengue cases in their community. First on the ranking is the indicator
saying that residents do not clean their surroundings regularly that gets a 4.75
weighted mean. Meanwhile the least in the ranking is the indicator stating that
some residents ignore the possible dangers of mosquitos which gain a 4.10
weighted mean.
2.3 Events. The average weighted mean is 4.42, which means that the
respondents are strongly agree to the indicators listed in the questionnaire some
events lead to an increase of dengue cases in their community. The leading one is
the indicator that dirty environment is where the mosquitoes lived that gets a 4.75
weighted mean which is stating that in all of the indicators given, that indicator is
where the respondents are strongly agree while the indicators stating that weather
disturbances affect the population of mosquitoes and lesser predators lead to more
prey which is mosquitoes tied on the last ranking which get a weighted mean of
4.10.
3. Extent does the sudden increase of dengue cases affects the lives of the
residents
For this one, the average weighted mean is 4.41, which illustrates that the
respondents strongly agree with the indicators given. The top indicator among the
indicators listed is they avoid skin exposure to prevent mosquito bites, which gets
4.70 that depicts that respondents strongly agree with this indicator. However, the
Taal, Batangas

last on the ranking was the indicator that states to the point that the residents avoid
wondering outside every afternoon gets the lowest weighted mean among the
given indicators which is 3.95.
4. The ways the residents living in Brgy. Sinturisan cope up the effect’s
mosquito-related diseases.
The overall combined mean rating is 4.49, which means that the
respondents strongly agree that the indicators are depicting the ways the residents
living in Brgy. Sinturisan copes up the effect’s mosquito-related diseases. Leading
in the rank was the indicator that shows the situation Using anti-mosquito sprays
such as baygon, baolilai, etc. that gets a weighted mean of 4.75 while the last on
the rank was the indicator that shows using the net at night that gets a weighted
mean of 4.25.
5. Plans of action may be proposed to prevent and lessen the dengue cases in
Brgy. Sinturisan.
The average weighted mean is 4.47, which means that the respondents are
strongly agree to the indicators listed in the questionnaire to the actions that can be
proposed to prevent and lessen the dengue cases. The leading one is the indicator
Taal, Batangas

of making your house clean and presentable always that gets a 4.60 weighted
mean which is stating that in all of the indicators given it is where most of the
respondents are strongly agree while the indicator use mosquito net at night gets a
weighted mean of 4.25 which is the least on the ranking.
Conclusions
1. The respondents strongly agree that having a mosquito repellant at home
have effects in terms of health and the environment.
2. The respondents believe that the residents, environment, and various events
are some factors that are responsible for the sudden increase of dengue
cases in their community, specifically in Brgy. Sinturisan, San Nicolas,
Batangas.
3. From the findings, it can be concluded that the residents are performing
various actions since they are already affected by the level of the extent that
the problem causes.
4. The respondents are strongly agreed that they are doing several actions to
cope with the effects of dengue cases in their community.

Taal, Batangas

5. Based on the findings, the respondents are believing that some actions can
be proposed as they believed that this problem needs to be solved
immediately.
6. From all the conclusions, it can be concluded that the respondents’
community problem possesses a serious threat to their health issues.
Recommendations
1. Conduct a seminar regarding all the people that are diagnosed with dengue
and the ones that fully recovered from it.
2. Assess all the people in the Brgy. Sinturisan regarding hygiene practices
they usually do in their homes.
3. Assess all the people who use the mosquito repellant at their homes and
make a list of them.
4. Survey the effects of the mosquito repellant on the residents of Brgy.
Sinturisan.
5. Address all the concerns of the people regarding the effects of the mosquito
repellant. Tabulate all the given effects with the following parameters, low
risk and if it has a high level of risk to harm people.

Taal, Batangas

6. Conduct a seminar that tackles about proper sanitary hygiene practices that
can be used to lessen the spread of the dengue and other mosquito-related
diseases.

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RIZAL COLLEGE OF TAAL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the study

Mosquitoes belong to the group of insects known as Diptera, or flies.

characteristic that distinguishes flies from other types of insects. What

anticoagulant that ensures a steady, smooth flow of blood. Unfortunately, the

mosquito’s saliva also may contain pathogens such as malaria parasites or

encephalitis virus. This is how mosquitoes transmit disease. Arboviruses are a

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2

We come up to our product entitled "Mosquito Repellant/ Air Freshener",

mosquito-related diseases could emerge in surprise. This particular repellent can

effects may vary on how long it will be used.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3

1. What are the possible effects of having a mosquito repellant at home?

residents in the barangay?

Significance of the study

Learning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of

sought for quality education.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 4

to the vast knowledge concerning student achievement. Vital result of this

investigation could be highly significant and beneficial especially to the following:

They can guide the students by communicating them to limit themselves to

blocks, uncovered tanks, etc.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 5

The main focus of this research is to test the effectiveness of

mosquito/insect repellant to lessen the amount of mosquito/insect that causes

dengue. The mosquito/insect repellant will help to release fume/smoke to protect

the residents and lessen the amount of mosquito/insect in your houses.

The air freshener device mosquito/insect repellant is made up of ingredients

have no proven serious effect on health.

happen sometimes among all organisms.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Dengue is endemic in the Philippines and poses a substantial economic

burden in the country. In this work, a compartmentalized model which includes

healthcare-seeking class is developed. The reproduction number is determined to

investigate critical parameters influencing transmission. Partial rank correlation

coefficient (PRCC) technique is performed to address how the model output is

affected by changes in a specific parameter disregarding the uncertainty over the

probability from mosquito to human, respectively, from human to mosquito, and

used. The reliability of parameters is then verified via parametric bootstrap.

The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a population of

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7

1950s and remains a concern because of widespread endemicity, minimal success

of vector control measures, the possibility of sequential infection by different

serotypes and the risk for severe disease.

In the new work, Jacqueline Deen, of the University of the Philippines --

related to dengue as well as the Philippines.

Philippines; 33% were descriptive epidemiological studies or case series, 16%

10% were socio-behavioral and economic studies, 8% were clinical trials, 7%

were on burden of disease, 7% were on markers of disease severity, 5% were on

diagnostics, and 2% were modeling. In recent years, the number of dengue

publications increased, and types of investigations became more complex and

long-term comparative analysis of epidemiological patterns by site and year,

laboratory research are needed.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 8

children, two-year-old Katelyn and seven-year-old KD, to hospital with a fever of

about balloons ... We were getting ready to go home," Reyes said.

THE CURE: Eliminating Dengue (6:59)

dead on September 8. dengue outbreak

dengue outbreak since 2012.According to the Department of Health, a total of

prompting the declaration of a national dengue epidemic. In 2012, 187,031 cases