CHS Set2 W4-6

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING
MR. OMAR SHARIF CUYUGAN
WEEK 4
CHS WEEK 4
THE MOTHERBOARD
01 Learning Outcome (LO) 1 – What is a Motherboard?
Learning Outcome (LO) 2 – Types of Motherboard (Form Factors).
PARTS OF MOTHERBOARD
02 Learning Outcome (LO)1 – Identifying the Parts of a Motherboard
Motherboard
The main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer. It is the super highway of
all computer components.
Types of Motherboard
Motherboards come in different sizes, known as form

factors. The most common motherboard form factor is ATX.
The different types of ATX are known as micro-
ATX (sometimes shown as µATX, mini-ATX, FlexATX,
EATX, WATX, nano-ATX, pico-ATX, and mobileATX). A
smaller form factor is ITX, which comes in mini-ITX, nano-
ITX, and pico-ITX sizes. Some motherboards, such as the
NLX and LPX form factors, had a riser board that attached
to the smaller motherboard. Adapters go into the slots on
the riser board instead of into motherboard slots.
Parts of Motherboard
12 15 1. CPU Socket 11. ATX power connector
2. Chipset (Southbridge) 12. CPU power connector
3. DIMM/RAM Slots 13. BIOS Chips

11
17 3
1 4. PCIe X16 slot 14. CMOS Battery
5. PCI x1 slot 15. Fan headers
6. M.2 connector 16. Front panel header
4 7. SATA ports 17. VRM heatsink

13 6 2
8. Front panel Audio connectors 18. COM/Serial Header
5 14
7
9. USB 2.0 header 19. TPM header
18 9 10 20 19 16
8
10. USB 2.0 header 20. RGB header
CPU Socket
The processor socket (also called a CPU socket)
is the connector on the motherboard that houses a
CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact
with the CPU.
Nowadays we have 2 types of CPU socket that

are commonly used for AMD processors we use
AM4 socket while for INTEL processors we use
LGA socket
Chipset
(Southbridge)
This chipset controls or manages input and output
(I/O). Examples of I/O interface connections
controlled by southbridge are USB, serial, IDE and
ISA.
DIMM/RAM Slot
DIMM (dual in-line memory module) slots are
the place on your motherboard where the
RAM goes. As such, you may also see DIMM
slots referred to as “RAM slots.”
PCIe X16 slot
is a slot on a motherboard that has 16 data
links known as PCIe lanes. This is a slot with the
highest throughput rate and can be occupied with
expansion cards that have a very high bandwidth
requirement such as graphics card.
PCIe X1 slot
is used to plug in low demanding PCIe
expansion cards that do not have a very high
throughput (transfer rate) such as Network
Adapters, Port Expansion Cards, Sound Cards
and Certain Riser Cards.
M.2 connector
At the moment, M.2 is primarily used as an
interface for super-fast SSDs, both on laptops and
desktops. If you walk into a computer hardware
store and ask for an M.2 drive—assuming you can
find a retail computer store still in operation, of
course—they’ll almost certainly show you an SSD
with an M.2 connector.
SATA ports
Short for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment,
SATA is a bus interface for connecting secondary
storage devices to your computer. These storage
devices can be SSDs, HDDs, or optical drives.
SATA ports are placed on your computer's
motherboard, which has about four or eight of
them (usually an even number).
Front Panel
Audio Connector
lets you connect to a front panel audio

module built into a system chassis.
USB 2.0 / USB 3.0
Header
USB headers are basically the physical
connectors found on the motherboard for
connecting the extra USB ports found on the
PC case.
ATX power
connector (24
pin)
style connector is a replacement for the older
P8 and P9 AT style connector. It is one of the
largest connectors inside a computer.
CPU Power
connector
(4pin/8pin)
Also known as CPU power connector, P4 power
connector. Connects to: ATX 12V power
connectors on motherboards
Note: For most computers, you will just need to

connect a single 4 pin connector.
BIOS Chipset
a ROM chip found on motherboards that lets

you access and set up your computer
system at the most basic level.
CMOS Battery
powers your computer’s BIOS firmware, which is

responsible for booting up your computer and
configuring data flow.
FAN Headers
are terminals found on your motherboard where
you plug your many PC cooling fans. They
operate and provide monitoring capability for the
fans of your PC.
Front Panel
Headers
is a block of connectors on a motherboard
that control the power on, power reset, beep
code speaker and the LED light indicators on
your PC case/chassis.
COM Serial header
is a 9-pin connector on some older
motherboards that is used to connect serial
port devices.
VRM Heatsink
Heatsink helps to dissipate heat from the VRM.
Voltage Regulator Module. It helps on cooling the
PCB board of the motherboard.
TPM Header
A Trusted Platform Module is a microchip that is
often built into a computer to provide
hardware-based security.
RGB Header
are 12V DC and are used for powering RGB
LED strips. If your motherboard has this header,
you're free to power your LED strips off it.
Thank you for listening!
WEEK 5
CHS WEEK 5
COMPUTER PORTS
01 Learning Outcome (LO) 1 – Identify Different kinds of port.
COMPUTER CONNECTORS (CABLES)

02 Learning Outcome (LO)1 – Identify Different kinds of connector.
Computer Ports
is a connection point or interface between a
computer and an external or internal device.
Types of Ports
Serial Port – Intended for serial type mouse and older camera.
Types of Ports
Parallel Port – Also called as printer port. This is only for old
model printer. It has 25 pins. It is a female port.
Types of Ports
VGA Port – The Video Graphics Array connector is a

standard connector used for computer video output.
Types of Ports
HDMI Port– Short for High Definition Multimedia

Interface, HDMI is a connector capable of transmitting
high-quality and high-bandwidth streams of audio and
video between devices.
Types of Ports
DP Port – is an interface for digital displays, particularly

computer monitors. It was developed by the Video
Electronics Standards Association (VESA) as a high-
performance replacement for other display modes such as
VGA (Video Graphics Array) and DVI (Digital Visual
Interface).
Types of Ports
USB Port – High speed serial interface that is used with almost all
devices. It is used to connect latest model printers, pen drives, cell
phones etc.
Types of Ports
PS/2 Port – Simple, 6 – pin, low-speed serial connections

commonly dedicated to a keyboard and mouse.
Types of Ports
Power Port – Intended for Power cord.

Types of Ports
Audio Ports – Intended for plugging in the speaker, headset or

microphone.
Types of Ports
LAN Ports– A physical interface often used for terminating twisted

pair type of cables used to connect computers onto a local-area
networks (LAN), especially Ethernet RJ-45 Connectors.
Types of Cables and Connectors
USB Cable – USB cable assemblies are some of the most

popular cable types available, used mostly to connect
computers to peripheral devices such as cameras,
camcorders, printers, scanners, and more.
PS/2 Cable – Personal System/2 (PS/2) connector is a 6-

pin connector used to connect peripheral devices,
usually a mouse or keyboard, with a computer. Its
name comes from the IBM series of personal computers,
known as the Personal System/2.
VGA Connector – is a standard connector used for

computer video output. Originating with the 1987 IBM
PS/2 and its VGA graphics system, the 15-pin connector
went on to become ubiquitous on PCs, as well as many
monitors, projectors and high-definition television sets.
HDMI Connector– HDMI means High-Definition Multimedia

Interface, a standard for simultaneously transmitting
digital video and audio from a source, such as a
computer or TV cable box, to a computer monitor, TV
or projector.
DP connector– A cable used for DP port

enables you to maximize the higher
refresh rate of your Display Monitor
RJ 45 Cable– An 8-pin/8-position plug or

jack is commonly used to connect
computers onto Ethernet-based local area
networks (LAN).
Power Cable – is an electrical cable, an

assembly of one or more electrical
conductors, usually held together with an
overall sheath.
WEEK 6
CHS WEEK 6
POWER SUPPLY UNIT

01 Learning Outcome (LO) 1 – Identify the power connectors.
PROPER TOOLS IN CHS

02 Learning Outcome (LO)1 – Know the right tools.
Learning Outcome(LO)2 – Use of tools in PC hardware servicing
Power Cables
ATX 24 PIN Main Power Cable – The 24-

pin cable is used to power the
motherboard.
Power Cables
8pin EPS + 12v Power Cable – This 4+4

Pin cable is used to power the CPU.
Power Cables
6+2 pin PCI Express Power Cable – This

6+2 pin is used to power video cards.
Power Cables
SATA Power Cable – This SATA power

cable can be used to power drives such
as HDD, SSD & CD/DVD Drives.
Power Cables
MOLEX Power Cable – This power cable

can be used with IDE, HDD and even
old Video Cards.
Power Cables
FDD Cable – A floppy disk drive

connector. Used to power up floppy disk
drive. But nowadays sometimes it is used
to power up RGB Fans.
WEEK 7
Tools in Servicing a
Computer
To complete hardware repairs, it is important
to have a toolkit that should contain all of
necessary tools. As you gain experience, you
will learn which tools to have available for
different types of jobs.
Hardware tools are grouped
into these four categories:
• ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) TOOLS

• HAND TOOLS
• CLEANING TOOLS
• DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
Electrostatic Discharge Tools
ESD Tools – Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets,

tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air
alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static
electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded
antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most
basic means for the controlled discharged of electrostatic electricity.
Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD

damage to computer equipment.
Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place

hardware on to prevent static electricity from
building up.
HAND TOOLS – A hand tool is a device for performing work on a

material or a physical system using only hands. Hand tools can be used
manually or electrically powered, using electrical current.
HAND TOOLS
Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or

tighten slotted screws.
HAND TOOLS
Phillips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or

tighten cross-head screws.
HAND TOOLS
Torx Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten

screws that have a star-like depression on the
top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.
HAND TOOLS
Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver, is

used to tighten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens screws.
HAND TOOLS
Needle-nose pliers – Used to hold small parts.

HAND TOOLS
Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.

HAND TOOLS
Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.

HAND TOOLS
Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from

location that is too small for your hand to fit.
HAND TOOLS
Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you

cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools
Cleaning Tools – Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential

when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures
that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Cleaning Tools
Lint-free cloth – Used to clean different computer

components without scratching or leaving debris.
Cleaning Tools
Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and

debris from different computer parts without
touching the components.
Cleaning Tools
Cable Tie – Used to bundle cables neatly inside

and outside of a computer.
Cleaning Tools
Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers,

fasteners and other small parts and prevents
them from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS – A hand tool is a device for performing work on

a material or a physical system using only hands. Hand tools can be
used manually or electrically powered, using electrical current.
QUIZ
1.) Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small

parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.
a.) Anti-static wrist strap

b.) Anti-static mat
c.) Cable Tie
d.) Parts organizer
Diagnostic Tools
2.) Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

computer.

b.) Anti-static mat
c.) Cable Tie
d.) Parts organizer
Diagnostic Tools
3.) Is a strap Used to prevent ESD damage to computer

equipment.

b.) Anti-static mat
c.) Cable Tie
d.) Parts organizer
Diagnostic Tools
4.) Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static

electricity from building up.

b.) Anti-static mat
c.) Cable Tie
d.) Parts organizer
Diagnostic Tools
5.) Used to clean different computer components without

scratching or leaving debris.
a.) Compressed Air

b.) Lint-free Cloth
c.) Anti-static mat
d.) Parts organizer
Diagnostic Tools
6.) Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
a.) Compressed Air

b.) Lint-free Cloth
c.) Anti-static mat
d.) Flashlight
Diagnostic Tools
7.) Used to hold small parts
a.) Wire Cutter

b.) Lint-free Cloth
c.) Needle nose pliers
d.) Flashlight
Diagnostic Tools
8.) Used to hold small parts
a.) Wire Cutter

b.) Lint-free Cloth
c.) Needle nose pliers
d.) Flashlight
Diagnostic Tools
9.) Used to retrieve parts from location that is too small for
your hand to fit.
a.) Wire Cutter

b.) Lint-free Cloth
c.) Parts retriever
d.) Flashlight
Diagnostic Tools
10.) Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.
a.) Flat head screwdriver

b.) Torx Screwdriver
c.) Phillips screwdriver
d.) Flashlight
Diagnostic Tools
11.) is a power cable that powers up the motherboard.

a.) 24pin ATX power connector
b.) 4+4 8pin ATX power connector
c.) 6+2 8pin ATX power connector
d.) SATA power connector
Diagnostic Tools
12.) is a power cable that powers up the video card or

graphic processing unit.

Diagnostic Tools
13.) is a power cable that powers up the cpu or processor.

Diagnostic Tools
14.) is a power cable that powers up HDD, SSD, or optical

drives.

Diagnostic Tools
15.) used to power up old HDD, video card and optical

drive.

b.) MOLEX
c.) FDD Power connector
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COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING

MR. OMAR SHARIF CUYUGAN

Motherboards come in different sizes, known as form

12 15 1. CPU Socket 11. ATX power connector

2. Chipset (Southbridge) 12. CPU power connector

3. DIMM/RAM Slots 13. BIOS Chips

5. PCI x1 slot 15. Fan headers

6. M.2 connector 16. Front panel header

4 7. SATA ports 17. VRM heatsink

Nowadays we have 2 types of CPU socket that

lets you connect to a front panel audio

Note: For most computers, you will just need to

a ROM chip found on motherboards that lets

powers your computer’s BIOS firmware, which is

COMPUTER CONNECTORS (CABLES)

VGA Port – The Video Graphics Array connector is a

HDMI Port– Short for High Definition Multimedia

DP Port – is an interface for digital displays, particularly

PS/2 Port – Simple, 6 – pin, low-speed serial connections

Power Port – Intended for Power cord.

Audio Ports – Intended for plugging in the speaker, headset or

LAN Ports– A physical interface often used for terminating twisted

USB Cable – USB cable assemblies are some of the most

PS/2 Cable – Personal System/2 (PS/2) connector is a 6-

VGA Connector – is a standard connector used for

HDMI Connector– HDMI means High-Definition Multimedia

DP connector– A cable used for DP port

RJ 45 Cable– An 8-pin/8-position plug or

Power Cable – is an electrical cable, an

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

PROPER TOOLS IN CHS

ATX 24 PIN Main Power Cable – The 24-

8pin EPS + 12v Power Cable – This 4+4

6+2 pin PCI Express Power Cable – This

SATA Power Cable – This SATA power

MOLEX Power Cable – This power cable

FDD Cable – A floppy disk drive

• ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) TOOLS

ESD Tools – Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets,

Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD

Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place

HAND TOOLS – A hand tool is a device for performing work on a

Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or

Phillips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or

Torx Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten

Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver, is

Needle-nose pliers – Used to hold small parts.

Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.

Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from

Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you

Cleaning Tools – Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential

Lint-free cloth – Used to clean different computer

Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and

Cable Tie – Used to bundle cables neatly inside

Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers,

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS – A hand tool is a device for performing work on

1.) Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small

a.) Anti-static wrist strap

2.) Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

a.) Anti-static wrist strap

3.) Is a strap Used to prevent ESD damage to computer

a.) Anti-static wrist strap