Identify this piece of Identify this piece of Identify this piece of Identify this piece of

equipment and equipment and equipment and equipment and

describe its function. describe its function. describe its function. describe its function.

Describe a safety Describe a safety Identify each of the

following as metals Give two
precaution needed precaution needed examples of
when heating a when heating a or non-metals:
liquid in a test flammable liquid
Helium chemical
Zinc reactions.
tube. e.g. ethanol.
Argon

Give two Describe the

examples of differences Describe how to Describe how to
physical
between physical
test for oxygen. test for
changes and hydrogen.
changes. chemical reactions.
 Mass balance. Conical flask. Measuring cylinder. Bunsen Burner.

It is used to find the It can be swirled to It is used to measure

allow substances to the volume of a It is used to heat
mass of a substance.
mix. liquid/solution. substances.

Wear eye protection/safety goggles.

Hold the test tube at an angle using
test tube holders.
Do not point the tube directly at

Helium = non-metal It should not be anyone.

Combustion (burning) heated with a Bunsen
Zinc = metal
Argon = non-metal burner, a hot water
Neutralisation bath should be used
instead.

Hydrogen burns with Oxygen relights a

a squeaky pop. glowing splint. Physical changes are
easily reversed and they
do not produce a new Melting
substance.
Whereas, chemical Boiling
reactions are not easy to
reverse and a new Evaporating
substance is always
formed.
 Describe some Describe some Describe some
Describe how to observations you observations observations you
would make would make when
test for carbon you would make when potassium magnesium is held
dioxide. when sodium is in a Bunsen burner
placed in water. is placed in
flame.
water.

What gas do Write a word

List the metals usually equation for the
elements in the reaction that Can solids be
correct order in react with when
they are heated occurs when compressed?
the reactivity in air? copper is heated
in air.

Describe what Describe what

happens to the happens to the
Can liquids be Can gases be pressure of a pressure of a
compressed? compressed? gas when the gas when the
temperature temperature
increases. decreases.
 A lilac flame is produced.
Potassium floats on top of the
Sodium floats on top of the water
and moves around.
Carbon dioxide turns
water and moves around. The sodium disappears. limewater milky.
The potassium disappears. There is fizzing (H2 gas produced).
A bright white flame is There is fizzing (H2 gas produced).
produced.

A white powder is
formed (MgO).

No, the particles in a

solid are already close Copper + oxygen  Copper oxide Oxygen
together.

The pressure decreases. The pressure increases.

No, the particles in a
The particles have less The particles have more Yes, the particles in a liquid are already
kinetic energy so they kinetic energy so they
collide with the surface collide with the surface gas are far apart. close together.
of the container less of the container more
often. often.
 Will the iron nail Will the iron nail
Describe what rust? Explain your rust? Explain your
Describe what happens to the answer. answer.
happens to the pressure of a gas
pressure of a gas when the number
when the size of
the container of particles in the
container
decreases. increases.

Will the iron nail Will the iron nail

rust? Explain your rust? Explain your
answer. answer. State two State two
conditions methods used
required for iron to prevent iron
to rust. from rusting.

State two Describe the Describe how

Explain why objects chemical reaction that
made from iron are methods of takes place sacrificial
less likely to rust if
extracting between protection
they are painted or prevents iron
covered in oil. metals from magnesium and from rusting.
their ores. copper sulfate.
 The pressure
No – there is no oxygen. The pressure
increases.
Yes – oxygen and increases.
water are present. When the water was More particles will
boiled the oxygen was
collide with the The particles will
The salt will speed up removed. The oil layer collide with the
prevents oxygen getting surface of the
the rusting. surface of the
back into the water. container. container more often.

Covering with a Oxygen No – there is no water.

protective barrier – Yes – oxygen and
paint or oil. and Calcium chloride water are present in
absorbs all of the the air.
Sacrificial protection. Water water from the air.

It is a displacement reaction.
A more reactive metal is
placed on the iron e.g. Heat the ore with
Magnesium is more reactive
carbon. The paint/oil provides
zinc. than copper so magnesium a protective barrier so
displaces copper.
The zinc is more reactive the iron does not
that iron so it reacts with The blue solution turns come into contact
Electrolysis of the
oxygen and water colourless. with oxygen or water.
molten (melted) ore.
instead of iron. A brown solid forms.
 Describe two Give the word
observations equation for the What is an
Define the term
hydrocarbon. made when reaction between exothermic
calcium reacts magnesium and reaction?
with water. hydrochloric acid.

Give the word *Iron can be obtained *Explain why gold has
equation for the using electrolysis of been used for over
What is an reaction between molten iron oxide. 5000 years but
endothermic iron oxide and Explain why this sodium has only been
carbon (this method is not used to available to use for
reaction? reaction is used to extract iron from solid just over 200 years.
extract iron). iron oxide. (3).

Will a reaction Will a reaction Will a reaction Will a reaction

occur between occur between zinc occur between iron occur between
magnesium and copper and
iron oxide? and copper oxide? and copper oxide? magnesium oxide?
 A reaction that Fizzing occurs (H2 gas
A compound that
releases heat energy is given off).
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid contains hydrogen
into the surroundings 
and carbon atoms
Magnesium chloride + hydrogen
(temperature The calcium only.
increases). disappears.

Gold occurs in the ground in its It is too expensive because a lot

native state (a metal element) so
it does not need to be extracted
from an ore.
Sodium needs
electrolysis/electricity to obtain it
from its ore. Electricity has only
been available for a (relatively)
short time.
of electricity would be needed to
heat the iron oxide to keep it
molten.
The process of electrolysis also
requires a lot of electricity.
Instead, iron oxide can be heated
with carbon.
A reaction that
Iron oxide + carbon absorbs heat energy
 from the surroundings
Iron + carbon dioxide (temperature
decreases).

Yes, iron is more Yes, zinc is more Yes, magnesium is

No, copper is less reactive than copper reactive than copper more reactive than
reactive than so iron displaces so zinc displaces iron so magnesium
magnesium so copper copper. copper. displaces iron.
cannot displace
magnesium. Iron oxide and copper Zinc oxide and copper Magnesium oxide and
are formed. are formed. iron are formed.