Equivalance and Made by Nurkozho k Zarema

Checked by Zhunushalieva A.
adequacy of Sh.

translation
Content
• Types of equivalence
• Equivalence and adequacy
• Equivalent translation - a translation that reproduces the
original content at one of the equivalence levels.
• Depending on what part of the content is transmitted in the
translation to ensure its equivalence, different levels (types) of
equivalence differ. At any level of equivalence, translation can
provide cross-language communication.
Communication goal
level.
• consists in preserving only that part of the original content that
indicates the general speech function of the text in the act of
communication and is the purpose of communication
• There is some chemistry between us that doesn't mix. –
Бывает, что люди не сходятся характерами.
The level of the situation
description.

• the common part of the content of the original and translation

not only conveys the same purpose of communication, but also
reflects the same extralinguistic situation, i.e., the set of objects
and connections between objects described in the utterance.
• He answered the telephone. – Он снял трубку
The level of
utterance
• Features:
• inability to link the original and translation structures with syntactic transformation
relationships; 
• keeping the communication goal and identification of the same situation in the
translation as in the original; 
• preserving in translation the general concepts used to describe the situation in the
original.
• It's a good horse that never stumbles.
• лошадь, которая никогда не спотыкается настолько хороша, что такой лошади нет.
Message level.

In this type, along with the three

content components that are
The house was sold for eighty
preserved in the third type, a
thousand dollars. - Дом был
significant part of the meaning
продан за восемьдесят тысяч
of the original syntactic
долларов.
structures is reproduced in the
translation.
The level of language
signs.
• In the latter type of equivalence, the maximum degree of
proximity between the content of the original and the
translation that can exist between texts in different languages is
achieved.
• I saw him at the theatre. - Я видел его в театре.
• In modern translation theory, the following approaches to
understanding equivalence and adequacy are distinguished:
• 1) Equivalence is considered as a category of retrospective,
critical, static, focused on the translation result, and adequacy –
as a category of perspective, dynamic, focused on the
translation process.
• 2) Equivalence is the equivalence of the source and translated
text, and adequacy is an evaluation term used to determine the
degree of equivalence in the translated text.
• А translation text is recognized as equivalent if it meets all the
requirements for invariance, but if there are deviations from
these requirements, the translation text is considered adequate.
• 3) The term "equivalent translation "is used to assess the
quality of translation of literary texts, and the term" adequate
translation " is used for informative texts.
• An equivalent translation is a translation in which all types of
equivalence are transmitted, and an adequate translation is a
translation in which the translator, based on the purpose of the
translation and the nature of the addressee, preserves the
equivalence exclusively at the denotation level.
• 4) Equivalence is a dynamic translation category, which
implies that the response of the recipient of the translation
corresponds to the response of the recipient of the original
text.