3.

Present Perfect (1)

We see the present perfect simple as a tense which links the past
and the present. we use the present perfect simple to talk about:
1. an activity which started in the past and continues to the
present:
I have worked for the bank for five years.

2. With the present perfect both for and since show the duration
of an activity. In both cases it started in the past and continues to
-the present. Production has been declining since 2000.
-The company has been working on this project for several
years.
3. Present Perfect
3. *yet is used only in interrogative and negative sentences and
is placed at the end of the sentence.
Have you finished yet? He hasn't arrived yet.
* already is used in affirmative and interrogative sentences.
I have already been to the Science Museum.
Have you already seen this film ?
You've finished your homework already!
5. Time Expressions: since, for, just, yet, already, how long, ever,
never, etc.
 I. Complete the following sentences by putting these
irregular verbs into the present perfect: : fall, spend, draw,
find, meet, not pay, write, shut, not speak, just/get (1)

1 I'm going to send them a reminder. They... us for their

last order.
2 Some of these tech shares... by over 80%, and they still
look very risky.
3 ... (you) to them about that shipment, or do you want me
to phone them?
4 We... a lot on modernizing the factory, and it is now very
well equipped.
5 Unemployment is very high here because all of the coal
mines... down.
 I. Complete the following sentences by putting these
irregular verbs into the present perfect: : fall, spend, draw,
find, meet, not pay, write, shut, not speak, just/get (2)

6 The lawyers... up the contracts, so we are now ready to go

ahead with the deal.
7 I ... to the MD about your proposal, but I will soon.
8 ...(you) a suitable replacement for Ivan Sloboda, or is the
post still vacant?
9 Carmen... back from lunch. Why don't you call her now?
10 Peter,...(you/) Alistair MacFarlane? He's our new
Finance Director.
 II. Complete the sentences with one of these verbs using
just: read, buy, speak, leave, give, arrive, announce

1 I'm afraid Ms Japtha isn't here. She .....

2 A: There's an article in the paper about BMW.
B: Yes, I know. I .....it.
3 He's feeling very pleased. They..... him a pay rise.
4 I .....a new car. Would you like to come and have a look at
it?
5 A parcel for you .....in reception. Shall I send it up to you?
6 I ..... to the MD about your proposals, and he wants to
discuss them.
7 The company.....it is going to close the Glasgow factory
next month.
 III. Put the verbs into the past simple or present perfect: be,
join, produce, make, agree

Matrix Media is a small film company that 1..... a number

of profitable films in the last few years. Their last success
2..... in 2002 with Blue Moon over the Water, which 3.....
over $40m in its first six months. The latest news is that
Oscar-winning director Ben Loach 4..... the company as a
director and 5..... to make three films.
 IV. Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs
given. (1)

call off: cancel sth

carry on: continue doing sth
carry out: perform a task
catch up (with): (1) reach sb by walking running faster
(2) reach the same level as sb
 IV. Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs
given. (2)

1. Mike has been ill for a week. He will have to work really hard
to... his class.
2. The match was... due to bad weather.
3. He will never.... me. I'm a far better runner.
4. After the earthquake, the islanders had to... with their
everyday lives.
5. Studies... by the World Health Organization indicate that cities
are getting much noisier.
4. The Future (1)
* Spontaneous decisions
We can use will + bare infinitive to refer to the future when we
make an instant or spontaneous decision to do something:
A: I haven't seen the minutes o f the last meeting yet.
B: Sorry - I'll email them to you now.
* Predictions
We can use will to make predictions and to state facts that will
be true in the future:
Over the next few years, there will be a massive increase in TV
channels because o f the growth in cable and satellite services.
4. The Future (2)
* Offers, promises, requests
Will can also be used to ask if someone is willing to do
something, to make requests, promises, and to offer help:
I'm afraid the line is busy. Will you hold?
* Present continuous - arrangements
The present continuous is often used to talk about appointments
or things we have arranged to do in the future. We generally use
it with a future time phrase:
Are you doing anything this weekend? (Have you arranged to
do anything?)
4. The Future (3)

* Going to - decisions
We use the auxiliary be + going to + bare infinitive to talk about
something we intend to do, or have already decided to do:
According to the papers, Richard Branson is going to buy a
second island in the Caribbean.
* Time Expressions
by, by the time, before
I. Re-write these sentences using going to.

1 I have decided to accept the job.

2 You have heard my complaint. What do you intend to do

about it?

3 We have decided to go ahead with clinical trials of the

new drug.

4 They have decided not to go abroad this year.

5 This is where we are planning to build the new offices.

II. Use the words in brackets to make predictions with going
to.

1 Demand for tin is rising, but supply is falling.

(price/rise).....

2 The company is in serious financial difficulty.

(it/go bankrupt)......

3 My boss is looking for another job.

(she/leave the company).......

4 We should have left much earlier.

(we/be/late)…
 III. Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs
given.(1)

come across: find sth by chance

come along/on: (1) hurry up
(2) encourage sb to do sth
come into: inherit (money, property or a title)
come round: (1) to stop by, visit
(2) recover consciousness
come up with: think of and suggest sth (plan, idea, etc.)
 III. Complete using the correct form of the phrasal verbs
given.(2)

1. ...! We 're going to miss the bus.

2. When did Jane... this idea? It's perfect!
3. If you... that CD, could you buy it for me?
4. Simon... a lot of money after his grandfather's death.
5. It took the boxer five minutes to... after he was knocked out.