Design for Bending:

(Part 2)
 Lecture Outline

Design Moment Capacity

Strength Reduction Factors
Reinforcement Ratio and Limitation
Important Notes
Calculating Mn (Previous Lecture)
Design Moment Capacity
Strength Reduction Factors (ACI)
Limitation on Reinforcement Ratio
Lower Limit
 Upper Limit
𝜌max = 0.634 * 𝜌bal
This is to ensure that steel yields (𝜺s > 𝜺y)
𝜌bal is the balanced reinforcement ratio: steel yields and
concrete crushes simultaneously.

𝜌max
Important Notes
 Example 1
For the Beam section below, find 𝝆, 𝝆min, 𝝆max and
determine the ACI design flexural strength for the beam if
the steel yield stress is 60 ksi and the concrete
compressive strength is 4 ksi.
Solution
From table A-7, 𝝆max = 0.0181

Hence, 𝝆min < 𝝆 < 𝝆max  Tension Controls

 Example 2
For the beam shown below, the concrete strength is 4500 psi and
the yield strength is 60,000 psi. The concrete is normal-weight
concrete. For the midspan section shown, compute 𝜙Mn and
compare it with Mu. Assume that the steel yields (tension
controlled).
Solution
Reinforcing Steel Table
 Exercise
For the Beam section below, find 𝝆, 𝝆min, 𝝆max and
determine if tension controls. Determine the ACI design
flexural strength for the beam if the steel yield stress is 60
ksi and the concrete compressive strength is 6 ksi.
Solution
 Homework Problem 1
For the Beam section below, check if steel yields and
determine the ACI design flexural strength.
 Homework Problem 2
For the bean shown below, the concrete strength is 5000 psi
and the yield strength is 60,000 psi. For the midspan section
shown, check if steel yields and compute 𝜙Mn and compare
it with Mu.