Liquid Crystal and Plasma Screen

Television
Introduction
A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a thin , flat panel
display device used for electronically displaying
information such as text , images and moving picture.

LCD is used in Computer monitors, Televisions,

Instrumental panels, Gaming devices etc.

Polarization of lights is used here to display objects.

Liquid Crystals

 Liquid crystal are liquid chemicals in a state that has properties between those
conventional liquid and solid crystals. That is a liquid crystals may flow like a
liquid, but it’s molecules may be oriented in a crystal like way.

 Liquid crystals molecules can be aligned precisely when subjected to electric fields,
as like in the way metal shavings line up in the field of a magnet. When properly
aligned, the liquid crystals allow light to pass through.
 Liquid Crystals
 Two liquid crystal materials which are important in display technology are Nematic and
Smectic Phase.

Nematic Phase Smectic Phase

How LCD’s work
 Liquid crystals can adopt a twisted up structure and when we
apply electricity to them, they straighten out again. This is the key
of how LCD work displays turn pixels on and off.

 The polarization property of light is used in LCD screen to

switch its colored pixels on or off. At the back of the screen, there
is a bright that shines out towards the viewer. In front of this,
there are the million pixels, each one made up of smaller areas
called sub-pixels, that are colored RED, GREEN, or BLUE.
 Twisted Nematic Display
 Is the most common LCD Display.
 The two alignments layer for the liquid crystal material
are orthogonal.
 The light entering the polarizer panel rotates by the twist
in the liquid crystal and allowing it to pass through the
second polarize.
 Each pixels has a polarizing glass filter behind it and another in front of
it at 90 degrees. Normally pixels looks dark

 In between the two polarizing filters there is a tiny twisted, nematic

liquid crystal can be switch OFF electronically.

 When its switched ON, it rotates the light passing through 90 degrees,
effectively not allowing light to flow through the two polarizing filters
and making the pixel look dark.

 Each pixel is controlled by a separate transistor that can switch it ON or

OFF many times each second.
Types of LCD

Direct Address Display

Passive Matrix Display
Active Matrix Display
 Direct Address Display
 When the display include limited
variable components such as
- watches
- calculator

 Simple Electronics is used to control

the components.
 Passive Matrix Display
 Passive matrix display has

Rows of electrodes on one piece of glass.

Columns of electrodes on the opposing piece of glass.
Complex electrical waveform control the voltage differential at the
intersection of electrodes.

 The intersection of the columns and rows are the pixels.

 Active Matrix Display
o Allow very high resolution

o Each sub-pixel is individually controlled by an isolated Thin-Film

Transistor (TFT).

o It allows electrical signal for each sub-pixel to avoid influencing

adjacent elements.

o The TFT is pattern into the glass layer.

 Introduction

o A plasma display is a computer video display in which each pixel

on the screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma or charged gas,
somewhat like a tiny neon light.

o Plasma display are thinner than Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).

o Display and brighter that liquid crystal displays (LCD).
 General Characteristics
 Plasma display are bright (1,000 lux or higher for the module).

 They have a wide color range.

 They can be produced in fairly large sizes up to 3.8 meters (150 in)
diagonally.

 They have a very low-luminance “dark room” black level compared with
the lighter grey of the unilluminated parts of an LCD screen .
 The display panel itself is about 6cm (2.4 in) thick, generally the
device’s total thickness (including electronics) to be less than
10cm (3.9 in).

 Power consumption is 400 watts for a 127cm (50 in) screen.

 200 to 310 watts for a 127cm (50 in) display when set to cinema
mode.

 Most screens are set to “shop” mode by default, which draws at

least twice the power (around 500-700 watts) of a “home” setting
of less extreme brightness.
 Native Resolutions
Plasma TV’s scale the video image of each incoming signal to the native resolution of the display
panel.

ED Resolutions

 840 480
 853 480

HD Resolutions

 1024 1024 (discontinued)

 1024 768
 1280 768
 1366 768
 1280 1080
 1920 1080
Performance comparison of Plasma and LCD television
 Performance comparison of Plasma and LCD television

Advantages
Plasma Screen
LCD
 Great range of larger sized screens  Very compact and light

 High contrast ratios  Low power consumption

 Excellent viewing angle  Can be made in almost any size or

shape
 Good sound quality
 Reasonable prizes
 Fast pixel response time
 Disadvantages

LCD Plasma Screen

 Limited viewing angle

 Low resolution for large screen
 Brightness distortion especially toward
the edges  Heavy weight

 Limited display colors  High operating Temperature and

power consumption
 Not easy to replace the backlight
 Introduction
 LED TV is a type of LCD television that uses light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) to backlight the display instead
of the cold cathode fluorescent lights (CCFLs) used in
standard LCD televisions. LED TVs are more formally
known as LED-backlight LCD television.
 How does it work ?
 An LED (light-Emitting Diode) screen is an LCD
screen, but instead of having a normal CCFL
backlight, it uses LEDs as the source of the light
behind the screen. Companies label their TVs as
LED, even though they’re technically LCD; it can be
confusing at times, but if you see an LED TV, you
know it has an LCD.
What are features of LED TV?
Features of LED backlit LCD TVs, they deliver better
viewing angles than other LCD TVs; LEDs are long
lasting; LEDs are more energy efficient than their CCFL
counterparts, and better than plasma TVs and much
better than CRTs; LEDs don’t use mercury like some
other backlighting methods.
 Why is LED TV important?

 LED TVs are more energy-efficient as these

models use light emitting diodes (LED) for
backlighting. These TVs consume less power as
compared to cold cathode fluorescent lamps
(CCFL), which most LCD TVs use. This results
in a power savings of up to 30%.
Which is better LCD or LED backlit?

When comparing LCD vs LED on the parameter

of brightness, and LED TV stands as a winner.
This is because it appoints an individual dimming
and backlighting system, which in comparison to
LCD, makes your projections more defined,
authentic, and closer to reality.
Comparison of Plasma TV and LED TV
Plasma TV. LED TVs are slimmer and more
easily available, but also more expensive.
Plasma screen TVs, on the other hand, are
believed to have better picture quality
(mostly due to deeper blacks), but are less
energy-efficient and usually available in
larger sizes.