ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

and
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Economic globalization has some downsides,
but the strongest argument against it is its
lack of sustainability. Sustainable
development is a global response to
economic globalization that seeks to chart a
middle path between economic growth and a
sustainable environment.
• The relationship between globalization
and sustainability is multi-dimensional
and involves economic, political, and
technological aspects. The continuous
production of natural resources has
enabled humanity to discover and
innovate, but has also put our
environment at a disadvantage. This
means that development, although
beneficial, entails cost on the other.
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGREDATION
•The deterioration of
the environment
through depletion of
resources such as air,
water and soil.
• Economic Development -
Hastened by the industrial
revolution
• Efficiency - Finding the quickest
possible way of producing large
amounts of a particular product.
MADE BUYING OF GOODS
• Increased demand
• Increased efficiency
NEOLIBERELS AND ENVIRONMENTALIST
DEBATE THE IMPACT OF FREE TRADE ON
ENVIRONMENT (Harvey 2005)
• Environmentalist - According
to them, environment issues
should be given more issues than
economic issues (Antonio 2007)
• Neoliberals - See the efforts of
environmentalists as serious
impediments to trade.
FOOD SECURITY
• Based on 1996 World Food Summit, food
security is defined when all people, at all
times, have physical and economic access
to sufficient safe and nutritious food that
meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.
THE FOUR MAIN
DIMENSIONS OF
FOOD SECURITY
o Physical availability of food
o Economic and physical access to food
o Food utilization
o Stability of the three dimensions over time
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION,
POVERTY and INEQUALITY
 “The 1 to 2 billion poorest
in the world who don’t have
food for the day suffer from
the worst disease,
globalization deficiency. The
way globalization is occurring
could be much better, but the
worst thing is not part of it.”
-Hans Rosling
 “The Bangladesh apparel
industry is going to consist of what
we would consider sweatshops or it
won’t exist at all. And Bangladesh,
in particular, really really needs its
apparel industry. Its pretty much the
only thing keeping its economy
afloat.”
-Paul Krugman (cited in The New
York Times, July 8, 20130
“In my experience, poor people
are the worlds greatest
entrepreneurs. Everyday they must
innovate in order to survive. They
remain poor because they do not
have the opportunities to turn their
creativity into sustainable
income.”
-Muhammad Yunus (2012)
 THIRD WORLD
AND GLOBAL SOUTH
• Third World - class of
economically developing nations.

• Global South - refer to

underdeveloped nations.
•Global stratification - refers to
the unequal distribution of wealth,
power, prestige, resources, and
influence among the world’s
nations.
FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD
WORLD HIERARCHY
•First World- Western Capitalist
Countries
•Second World - termed by The
Soviet Union and its Allies
•Third World
First World Countries, United States, Canada,
Western Europe, and Developed parts of Asia as
the “Global North”
Third World Countries (during the Cold War),
Caribbean, Latin America, Africa, and parts of
Asia. “Global South”
(Reuveny & Thompson, 2007)
The Differences between the Global North and
the Global South are shaped by the MIGRATION
and GLOBALIZATION. The economy
differences between wealthy Global North and
poor Global South “ Have always possessed a
racial character” (Winant, 2001, p. 131).
THE GLOBAL CITY
The Rural-Urban differentiation has a significant
relationship to globalization. Globalization has deeply
altered north-south relations in agriculture. In this
scenario, the South produces non-traditional products for
exports and become increasingly dependent on
industrialized food exports from the North. Rural
economics are exposed to low prices and mass migration.
Three urban center of global city.
New York, London, and Tokyo.
As economic centers that exert
control over the world's political
economy.
Therefore, the city faces peculiar
political problems, wherein it is
often fruitlessly seeking to deal
locally with global problems and
"local politics has become hopelessly
overloaded.