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Ilocos Region

PROVINCE: ILOCOS NORTE


CAPITAL: LAOAG CiTY

Laoag, officially the City of Laoag,is a 3rd class


Component city and capital of the province of Ilocos
Norte,Philippines.Itis the province's political,
commercial, and industrial hub and the location of

the Ilocos Region's busiest commercial airport


Tagline: The Best of Culture and Nature

Brief History
-The Spanish colonization of the region, however, was never completely
successful. On February 2, 1818, a Spanish Royal Decree was promulgated
dividing the Province of Ilocos Norte from Ilocos Sur. Laoag City, which was
then the biggest center of population, was made the capital of Ilocos Norte.”
PROVINCE: ILOCOS SUR
CAPITAL: Vigan City

Ilocos Norte is a province in the northern


Philippines.In the capital Laoag City, grand
Paoay Church is a fusion of local and baroque
architecture
Taglines - Heritage Village of the Philippines

Brief History

Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo


in 1572. It was formed when the north (now Ilocos Norte) split from the
south (Ilocos Sur). At that time it included parts of Abra and the upper
half of present-day La Unión.
PROVINCE:LA UNION
CAPITAL: SAN FERNANDO

LaUnion, officially the Province of La Union,is a


province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos
Region in the Island of Luzon.Its capitalis the City of
San Fernando,which also serves as the regional
center of the Ilocos Region
Taglines-Pilgrimage Center of North Luzon

Brief History
Pangasinan was first founded by Austronesian peoples who called
themselves Anakbanwa by at least 2500 BC. A kingdom called Luyag na
Caboloan, which expanded to incorporate much of northwestern Luzon,
existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 16th
century
PROVINCE:PANGASINAN
CAPITAL: LINGAYEN

LaUnion, officially the Province of La Union,is a


province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos
Region in the Island of Luzon.Its capitalis the City of
San Fernando,which also serves as the regional
center of the Ilocos Region
Tagline-Hundred islands and Hundred Flavors

Brief History
Pangasinan was first founded by Austronesian peoples who called themselves
Anakbanwa by at least 2500 BC. A kingdom called Luyag na Caboloan, which
expanded to incorporate much of northwestern Luzon, existed in Pangasinan
before the Spanish conquest that began in the 16th century
TOP 10 TOURIST SPOTS:

ILOCOS NORTE

1.Bangui Windmills

2. MALACANANG OF THE NORTH


- Dubbed as Ilocos Norte's “giant electric fans”, these windmills Malacañang of the north
face the sea to capture the strong northwesterly and The Malacañang of the North (Ilocano: Malacañang ti
southwesterly winds blowing inward the Ilocos Norte. Started Amianan) and (Filipino: Malakanyang sa Hilaga) is a
in 1996, each windmill stands in the hilly area 80m tall lines up presidential museum in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. It
across 9km of the black sand beach in the Bangui Bay was the residence of the family of Ferdinand Marcos when
Shoreline. he was the President of the Philippines
3. SINKING BELL TOWER 4. PARAISO NI ANTON
The Sinking Bell Tower is one of the many tourist spots on the Paraiso-ni-Anton (Anton's Paradise) is a just several
half-day Laoag City Tour. The 45-meter tall bell tower built by the meters from the Agua Grande River Park. The cool
waters of the mountain stream are reputed to have
Augustinian Friars in 1612 is one of the tallest and most massive
miraculous healing properties. You will have to try
in the country. The construction is typical of the earthquake them and see for yourself
baroque structures found in Ilocos
6. KABIGAN FALLS
5. AGUA GRANDE
big waters from the mountains flow to huge rocks. The Kabigan Falls is a small spectacle with water
The place has been renovated to accommodate dropping from a 26.5 m (87 ft) height into a concave
natural pools where one can dip. The waters are cold basin; but serves as a great place to chill and/or picnic as
but it provides a relaxing massage. Here you can see well. Definitely prepare to go swimming at this particular
fresh waters joining sea waters, one of those amazing waterfall.
spots in creation that you would love to witness.
7. BLUE LAGOON BEACH 8. SAUD BEACH
Blue Lagoon is one of the many isolated beaches of Saud Beach is a white-sand gem in Pagudpud, Ilocos
Pagudpud. It is located in Maira-ira point, the Norte. Crystal clear waters with multicolored coral reefs
northernmost tip of mainland Luzon. The cove is strewn and equally colorful fishes are what await visitors. ...
with white pebbly sand. When it's not surf season, the Saud Beach is also becoming one of the best places for
waters off the coast can be very gentle and still, surfing in Ilocos, and in the Philippines, when the large
reflecting the blue sky, earning its name. Pacific swells roll in.
9. BANTAY ABOT CAVE 10. PATAPAT VIADUCT
Bantay Abot caves are located in Sitio Gaoa, The viaduct was constructed by Hanil Development Co.
Balaoi. It means a sea mountain with a hole. The Ltd. under the overall management of DPWH-PMO-PJHK
naturally sculpted hole was steadily eroded by and was completed and opened to traffic in October
waves until it was wrecked by an earthquake 1986. It rises along the town's coastal mountains, which
during the 1980's. It is also sometimes called the is the starting point of the Cordillera Mountain Range
underground sea, as the top of the cave is covered that snakes through Northern Luzon.
by lush green vegetation.
ILOCOS SUR

1. VIGAN CATHEDRAL 2. BANTAY CHURCH BELL TOWER


Vigan Cathedral (also known as St Paul's Metropolitan One of Vigan's most iconic symbols is the Bantay Bell Tower.
Cathedral) is an imposing creamy-white building built in First built in 1591, it served as the town's watchtower before
the "earthquake baroque" style with thick buttresses to being turned into a bell tower by the nearby church in 1857.
support it through earthquakes and typhoons. It faces Located roughly 10 minutes from the town of Vigan, it's
Plaza Salcedo on one side and Plaza Burgos on another. located in the town of Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
3. ARCHBISHOP’S PALACE 4. SANGBAY NI RAGSAK FALLS
The Archbishop's Palace belongs to the most important
early-Baroque buildings in Moravia. It was built under SANGBAY NI RAGSAK-PATOC-AO, SUYO seeking
the project of the Italian architect Filiberto Luchese on ecological and natural surroundings to enjoy. Its pool
the site of an earlier Renaissance palace. The layout of area is not deep for diving
the Palace consists of seven two-storey wings,
surrounding two inner rectangular courtyards.
5. STA.MARIA CHURCH 6. MINDORO BEACH OF VIGAN
Mindoro Beach is not exactly a beach paradise. Tourists most likely
The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, commonly
would prefer going to the more popular white beaches of
known as the Santa Maria Church is the parish church
Pagudpud in Ilocos Norte (northernmost part of Luzon). The sand
of Santa Maria in Ilocos Sur province, Philippines.
is dark (reportedly due to magnetite), the water is far from calm,
and the waves can be intimidating
7.CRISOLOGO MUSEUM 8. BALUARTE RESORT
The Crisologo Museum is the ancestral house of former The Baluarte Zoo was established by local politician and
Ilocos Sur Representative Floro Crisologo and his family. businessman, Chavit Singson. Singson, who cites his
The Crisologos are one of the most prominent political hunting hobby as his motive in setting up Baluarte only
families in the province. Governor Carmeling Crisologo considered opening a zoo when his hunting trophy
was ambushed in this chevy on May 10, 1961 at Bacsil, collection grew too big.
San Juan, Ilocos Sur
9.CALLE CRISOLOGO 10. PADRE BURGOS HOUSE
In the late 1890s, the Calle de Escolta De Vigan was The structure known as the Burgos Museum is an
renamed to Washington Street during the American ancestral house constructed in 1788, which was
rule.Through the years, Mena Crisologo Street or now declared as a historical building owing to its
known as Calle Crisologo became famous as it served as association with the martyred priest, Fr. Jose
the center of well-preserved houses and remains as the Burgos (1837-1872), whose death along with two
main attraction in Vigan. other priests sparked the anti-Spanish colonial
resistance.
LA UNION

2. BALUARTE WATCH TOWER


1. PUGAD PUGO RESORT Spaniards created the tower as a lookout point for the
Beneath the tropical green forest of Pugo, La approaching attacks of Japanese, Chinese and Moro
Union, sits the ever-famous Adventure Park, pirates and other conquerors in the coastal towns of la
which is widely-known as PUGAD. union. The guards were able to warn the locals of Luna
to protect and defend their properties from ransacker.
3. NAMACPACAN CHURCH A bit of “Immuki's history”: Immuki is a word which was
The original site of the church was in Darigayos, a barrio of derived from the name of a sea creature called sea slugs,
Namacpacan and was transferred in 1741 to its present site. The that can thrive only on the dead corals. Sea slugs in the
image of the Our Lady of Namacpacan was enshrined in the local dialect (specifically Pangasinense) is termed
church in 1871. The church was reinforced with masonry and “babao” or “bao”. If you translate that into English, it
galvanized iron roof. It was heavily destroyed by an earthquake in pertains to the female genitalia.
5. MA-CHO TEMPLE 6. PORO POINT LIGHTHOUSE
The Ma-Cho Temple is located in San Fernando La Poro Point has been the site of a navigational aid since 1885.
Union and was built on September 11th, 1975. It's a The first Poro Point Lighthouse built during the Spanish
Taoist temple and is built in the hills above San colonial period is a cylindrical steel tower that was
Fernando. It looks out on the China Sea and is a place prefabricated in France and was completed on 28 November
where people of all kinds come to ask for luck from a 1885. In 1979, a concrete tower was built to replace the
Chinese Deity named Ma-Cho Spanish lighthouse.
7. TANGADAN FALLS 8. PEBBLE BEACH
Samuel Finley Brown Morse, who was a distant cousin of
Tangadan Falls is located at brgy. Amontoc of the said
telegraph inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse, founded
municipality. At about three to four years ago, it
Pebble Beach Company in 1919. Morse was a natural
started to create its wave to local and later on to
leader who had been captain of the national champion
foreign tourists attractions through the vast influence
1906 Yale football team and a member of the elite and
of social media in the global society.
secretive Skull and Bones for the class of 1907.
9. LOTUS VALLEY FARM 10. TAPUAKAN RIVER
Samuel Finley Brown Morse, who was a distant cousin of
telegraph inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse, founded Tapuacan River, also known Tapuakan River or Pugo
Pebble Beach Company in 1919. Morse was a natural leader River, is a river located in Barangay Cares,
who had been captain of the national champion 1906 Yale municipality of Pugo, La Union, Philippines.
football team and a member of the elite and secretive Skull
and Bones for the class of 1907.
PANGASINAN

2. OUR FARM REPUBLIC

1. CAPE BOLINAO LIGHTHOUSE We're an integrated, diversified, organic farm in


Mangatarem, Pangasinan that promotes agri-
It was built in 1905 by a trio of American, British and tourism and organic agriculture. We offer
Filipino engineers. Situated at an elevation of 107 training and seminars,
meters (351 ft) above sea level, it is the second highest
lighthouse in the Philippines next to the Cape
Bojeador Lighthouse.
3. TAYUG SUNFLOWER MAZE 4. BALINGASAY RIVER
The sunflower maze was designed by landscape artist
Toni Rivera. As much as 8,000 sunflower plants would Balingasay River, a multi-awarded river and dubbed as the
make up the maze. Pathways are wide enough to fit four cleanest and greenest river in Region 1 is becoming more
people walking side by side. The walkway leading to the popular and one of the top tourist.
maze's entrance would showcase an urban and edible
landscape, green walls and ornamental plants.
5. BOLINAO FALLS 6. LINGAYEN BEACH
Bolinao is famous for its white-sand beaches, rock The area where the beach facilities are now established
formations, waterfalls, and the Cape Bolinao was one of the landing areas of the American Forces that
Lighthouse. paved way for the liberation of Northern Luzon on
January 9, 1945. The Lingayen Gulf is a strategically
historical stage of the battle between American and
Japanese Forces during World War II.
7. TONDOL WHITE SAND BEACH 8. ENCHANTED CAVE
Tondol Beach is one of the best beaches in Pangasinan. It Enchanted Cave is one of the must-visit attractions in Bolinao,
has a long and vast sandbar that can be explored during Pangasinan. It is one of the top tourist attractions in town.Local
low tide especially early in the morning. people and tour guides believe that millions of years ago Bolinao
was under the sea due to the discovery of coral rocks
(limestones) and fossilized giant clams around the are a.
9. PATAR BEACH 10. HUNDRED ISLAND NATIONAL PARK
According to the Pangasinan local government's History. The national park was created by Presidential
website, there's no exact record on the date Bolinao Proclamation No. 667, covering an area of 16.76 square
(where Patar is located) was created. Records show kilometres (6.47 sq mi) and signed by President Manuel L.
that it was the year 1575 when Spanish Captain Pedro Quezon on January 18, 1940, for the benefit and enjoyment
Lombi founded the first settlement in the province of the people of the Philippines and known as the Hundred
with more or less 100 settlers. Islands National Park
Batanes -Basco

Taglines:Land of the True Insulars

Briefs History
The Batanes group of islands came in late into the folds of Spanish colonial
power. “Freedom had been the Ivatan experience for as long as they existed.
That ended on June 26, 1783, with the annexation of Batanes by the Spanish
Colonial State in the Philippines.
Cagayan-Tuguegarao

Tagline:Rice Granary of the North

Brief History
Cagayan was one of the early provinces that existed during the Spanish colonial
period. Called La Provincia de Cagayan, its borders essentially covered the entire
Cagayan Valley, which included the present provinces of Isabela, Quirino, Nueva
Vizcaya, Batanes and portions of Kalinga and Apayao .
Isabela-Bayombong

Tagline:Rice Granary of the North

Brief History
The province was carved by royal decree from the provinces of Cagayan and Nueva
Vizcaya on May 1, 1856. It was named after Queen Isabela II of Spain. Palanan,
Isabela became a historical place when General Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the
American forces led by General Funston on March 23, 1901
Nueva Vizcaya-Bayombong

Tagline:Watershed Have of the North

Brief History
The province of Nueva Vizcaya used to be a territory of the vast Cagayan Valley which was
once an integral political unit with one governor. In 1839, then-Governor Luis Lardizabal
issued an order transforming Nueva Vizcaya into a politico-militar province upon the advice
of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan.
Quirino-Cabarroguis

Tagline:Forest Heartland of Cagayan

Brief History
Quirino, it was created on September 10, 1971, when it was declared an independent
province by virtue of Republic Act 6394. A former sub province of Nueva Vizcaya, it
occupied the forest area inhabited by various indigenous peoples' tribal groups
TOP 10 TOURIST SPOTS IN:

BATANES

1.MORONG BEACH 2. MOUNT IRAYA


-A dormant stratovolcano on Batan Island and
-Of all the beaches fringing the coast of Sabtang Island,
the highest point in the province of Batanes,
Morong Beach is probably the most well-known.
Philippines.
3. BASCO LIGHTHOUSE 4. VAYANG ROLLING HILLS
- One of the famous landmarks in the province of
- A lighthouse in the town of Basco in Batanes, the
Batanes. Its seemingly endless waves of rolling hills
northernmost province in the Philippines. Located in Naidi
combined with the spectacular seascapes are a sight
Hills in Barangay San Antonio, the lush green hills and the
to behold. It also offers a spectacular view of the
open sea provide a beautiful backdrop for the lighthouse
West Philippine Sea.
5. VALUGAN BOULDER BEACH 6. TUKONG CHURCH
- A short bike ride away from Basco in - also known as Mt. Carmel Chapel. Local craftsmen, masons
Batanes. The beach is known for its smooth and carpenters built the church, whose design is inspired by the
boulders that line the shoreline, which traditional Ivatan stone houses . Architects Joven Ignacio and
stretches for miles Tina Turralba helped complete the design.
8. SABTANG LIGHTHOUSE 9. TAYID LIGHTHOUSE
- the majestic towering figure that welcomes tourists - crested on a hill on Batan Island, topped with a red
to Sabtang Island, is one of Batanes' major lantern room and roof, and bears a rubble masonry
lighthouse, a beacon that guides seafarers through base and dwelling. The similarities stop there. Tayid
the rough waters of the Pacific Ocean and the West faces the more mischievous Pacific Ocean, not the West
Philippine Sea. Philippine Sea. Its main tower is hexagonal, not round.
9. HOUSE OF DAKAY 10. NAIDI HILLS
- the oldest house that has been living on for so many years. - the sunset and the rolling hills. The hills used to be
It is situated in the small town of San Jose de Ivana in Batan the site of the Philippine's tallest wireless
Island, Batanes. This traditional structure is considered as a communications facility, bombed by the Japanese
heritage treasure of Batanes.The walls of the house are very planes on December 8, 1941. Only the base remains.
thick and made up of stone and lime.
CAGAYAN

1. PALAUI ISLAND 2. CALLAO CAVE


- The Palaui Island Protected Landscape and - the premier attraction in the Peñablanca Protected
Seascape is an island that is a protected area and Landscape and Seascape. It is the most accessible of all
national park in the municipality of Santa Ana in the caves, its entrance is reached by climbing 184
Cagayan, Philippines. concrete steps. The conditions inside the caves have
caused the formation of stalactites and stalagmites,
more so in the deeper chambers.
3. PINACANUAN RIVER 4. CALVARY HILLS
- one of the rivers in the Philippines, and is a - also called calvary hill, Sacred Mount, or Sacred
tributary of the Cagayan River. The river passes Mountain, is a type of Christian sacred place, built on
through the Peñablanca Protected Landscape the slopes of a hill, composed by a set of chapels,
and Seascape, with large karst formations, usually laid out in the form of a pilgrims' way.
underground chambers, and rare wild flora.
5. ST.PETER’S CATHEDRAL 6. OUR LADY OF PIAT CHURCH
- The Saint Peter Metropolitan Cathedral, also - a 16th-century Roman Catholic icon of the Blessed
known as the Tuguegarao Cathedral, Virgin Mary enshrined in Piat, in the province of
Cagayan, Philippines
7. BUNTUN BRIDGE 8. BLUE WATERFALLS BAGGAO
- serves as the gateway to the Cagayan's provincial - Baggao Bluewater Falls and Cave is a gem perfect
capital, Tuguegarao City and links to the second and for canyoneering. It is tucked in Baggao, a first-class
third district municipalities of Cagayan and Apayao. municipality located 62 kilometers north of the
provincial capital
9. ANGUIB BEACH 10. NANGARAMOAN BEACH
- A clear and pristine turquoise waters with - Nangaramoan Beach is famous for its pristine waters
powdery and fine white sand enclaved in a lush and white powdery sand comparable to the world-
and verdant mountains. renowned Boracay Island.
ISABELA

1. HONEYMOON ISLAND 2. DICOTCOTAN BEACH


- the perfect destination for couples to experience a total wonderful - boasts of a three-kilometer long beach with
escapade. Honeymoon Island served as a sacred ground for the Agta coral reefs, sea grass beds and sandy shoreline
tribe matrimonial rites where it got its name. The island is that is fringed with a coastal forest and a
surrounded by white-sand beaches and faces the Pacific Ocean village
3. DIBULO FALLS 4. ILAGAN SANCTUARY
- one of the best nature attractions in the - the most visited tourist spot in Ilagan City today. It
province of Isabela. Located in Barangay Dibulo in is a protected area located in the foothills of the
Dinapigue, this waterfall is considered the tallest Sierra Madre mountain range
one in the province at about 100 meters high.
5. BONSAI FOREST 6. MAGAT DAM
- The bonsai forest is exactly what the - a large rock-fill dam in the island of Luzon in
given name implies it is simply many the Philippines. The dam is located along the
bonsai plants cohabitating in a single Magat River, a major tributary of Cagayan
container River.
7. JAPANESE TUNNEL 8. QUEEN ISABELA PARK
This park is located in front Isabela Provincial Capitol in
a war tunnel that was part of a military base
Barangay Alibagu along the National Highway. It is the newest
built by the Japanese government as
and the biggest park in Ilagan. At the entrance is a fountain,
headquarters for its soldiers during World War
with a statue commemorating Queen Isabela II of Spain.
9. BALAY NA SANTIAGO 10. SAN PABLO CHURCH
It houses the remnant of the present day urban glory - it is said to be the oldest in the province. Its lofty bell tower
that Santiago City. The museum showcases a collection of of six layers including the circular apex made of adobe is the
the ethno-linguistic lifestyle of those who made Santiago tallest in the Cagayan Valley. San Pablo, the oldest town of
the melting pot of culture that is today. Isabela
NUEVA VIZCAYA

1. CAPISAAN CAVE SYSTEM 2. BALETE PASS NATIONAL SHRINE


the Balete Pass was declared as a National Shrine as a tribute to the
the fifth longest cave in the country at
gallant Filipino guerrillas and American soldiers who victoriously
4.2 kilometers located in Barangay
fought at Balete Pass and succeeded in pushing the retreating forces of
Capisaan, Kasibu
the Japanese Imperial Army farther to the North of Luzon.
3. IMUGAN FALLS 4. DUMLI-ING FALLS
a 35-foot single layer cascade along Imugan River which Considered as the tallest single-drop waterfall in the
is located in the village of the same name (Imugan). Its province, Dum-liing falls cascades like a roaring tiger for
cold water emanates from a spring atop Mount Imugan more than 98 meters. It drops on the face of a massive
dropping to a shallow basin before flowing cliff towards massive boulders that are visible from afar.
downstream.
5. MOUNT UGO 6. LOWER MAGAT PARK
This mountain found in the southern portion A sprawling 1120 hectare of land situated on the lower
of the Cordillera is 2086 meters high. It was part of the mighty Magat River in Cagayan Valley has
discovered by mountaineers during the been converted into an eco-park, descriptively named
rescue . Lower Magat Eco Tourism Park of LMET.
7. PEOPLES MUSEUM AND LIBRARY 8. SAINT DOMINIC CATHEDRAL
commonly referred to as the Bayombong Cathedral, is an 18th-
The present museum is housed in the former seat of century, Baroque church located at Brgy. Salvacion, Bayombong,
the Provincial Government of Nueva Vizcaya and has Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. The cathedral, which is the seat of the
been declared an Important Cultural
9. SAN VICENTE CHURCH 10. MOUNT PALALI
Mount Palali is located in the province of Nueva Vizcaya,
Constructed in the 18th century by the Dominican order,
bounded by the municipalities of Quezon and Bayombong. It is
it is one of the oldest stone churches in Northern Luzon
1,705 meters above sea level. It was once the hunting ground of
and was declared a National Cultural Treasure.
QUIRINO

1. GOVERNOR’S RAPID 2. AGLIPAY CAVES


- famous for its gigantic perpendicular walls of limestone jutting - an eco-tourism site found in Quirino province in the Cagayan
out from one side of the Cagayan River framing the Sierra Madre Region in the Philippines. It consists of over 37 interlinked
Mountain and its swift turbulent deep blue waters is perfect underground chambers, of which only 8 chambers have been
venue for kayaking, white river rafting, swimming, and fishing. explored, plus camping facilities and modern accommodations
3. PENSAL FALLS 4. SIITAN RIVER
is a three-tier waterfalls located at San Benigno, Aglipay. It
just like the Governor's Rapids is section of
has a nice sloping rock formation in the middle perfect for
Cagayan River. While Governor's Rapids can be
cliff jumping for extreme sports enthusiasts or simply
found in Maddela, Siitan River is in Nagtipunan.
picnicking, swimming and communing with nature
5. LANDINGAN VIEWPOINT 6. MACTOL FALLS
is an elevated spot that provides a full view of the This towering falls about 50 meters high spills into a
town of Nagtipunan in Quirino as well as the river and shimmering basin about 22 meters deep. All who can
verdant landscapes that run through it. Many travelers appreciate nature in its untouched and raw form should
compare this site to the rolling hills of Batanes. make the trip to Mactol Falls.
7. JUNUAN FALLS 8. QUIRINO WATERSPORTS COMPLEX
another waterfall in Nagtipunan, this time in
a cluster of facilities strategically located at the Capital
Barangay Disimungal. This is the easiest waterfall to
town of Cabarroguis. Facilities include Wakeboarding
reach and its peak can actually be seen from the
Deck, Wakeboarding Main Pavilion, Infinity Pool, Al-
highway. Dinadiawan Beach is located nearby
9. MADDELA FALLS 10. MABO FALLS
approximately 15 meters high waterfalls with exquisitely
80-meter high falls that can be reached after a
beautiful rock slide with a catch basin very inviting for a
90-minute trek. Located in the middle of a
dip. The place is ideal for swimming, family picnics, photo-
mossy forest
ops and simply communing with nature.

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