LIFE AND WORKS OF

What Is The Importance Of

Studying the Life And Works
Of Rizal?
 introduction
Republic Act No. 1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE
CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE,
WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
3
✣ WHEREAS, today, more than any
other period of our history, there is a
need for a re-dedication to the ideals
of freedom and nationalism for
which our heroes lived and died;
✣ WHEREAS, it is meet that in
honoring them, particularly the
national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal,
we remember with special fondness
and devotion their lives and works
that have shaped the national
character;
Republic Act No. 1425
introduction
✣ WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, are a constant and
inspiring source of patriotism with which the
minds of the youth, especially during their
formative and decisive years in school, should be
suffused;
4
✣ WHEREAS, all educational institutions
are under the supervision of, and subject to
regulation by the State, and all schools are
enjoined to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience and to
teach the duties of citizenship; Now,
therefore,
Republic Act No. 1425
introduction
✣ SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all
✣ ;
SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings
of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula
of all schools, colleges and universities, public or
private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the
original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English
translation shall be used as basic texts.
5
schools, colleges and universities to keep
in their libraries an adequate number of
copies of the original and unexpurgated
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other
works and biography. The said
unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their
translations in English as well as other
writings of Rizal shall be included in the
list of approved books for required reading
in all public or private schools, colleges
and universities.
Republic Act No. 1425
introduction
SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall
cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose
Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to
read them, through the Purok organizations and
Barrio Councils throughout the country.
6
✣ SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be
construed as amendment or repealing
section nine hundred twenty-seven of the
Administrative Code, prohibiting the
discussion of religious doctrines by public
school teachers and other person engaged
in any public school.
✣ SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred
thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be
appropriated out of any fund not otherwise
appropriated in the National Treasury to
carry out the purposes of this Act.
✣ SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect
upon its approval.
Dr.jose p.rizal

7
DR. JOSE RIZAL AS A MANY-
SPLENDORED GENIUS
 - Physician - Poet - Dramatist - Essayist - Novelist -
Historian - Architect - Painter - Sculptor - Educator -
Linguist - Musician - Naturalist - Ethnologist - Surveyor -
Engineer - Farmer businessman - Economist - Geographer
- Cartographer - Bibliophile - Philologist - Grammarian -
Folklorist - Philosopher - Translator - Inventor - Magician
- Humorist - Satirist - Polemicist - Sportsman - Traveler -
Prophet

9
CHAPTER 1: Advent of A
National Hero
 The birth of rizal

✣ Full name: Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

✣ Date of Birth: June 19, 1861, Wednesday
✣ Place of Birth: Calamba Laguna Province, Philippines
✣ Time of Birth: between eleven and midnight (11:00 – 12:00)
✣ Parents: Don Francisco Mercado Rizal , Doña Teodora Alonso
Realonda (Rizal is the 7th of the eleven children of his
parents)
✣ The governor general when rizal was born was
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOSE LEMERY

11
 FACT OR FAKE?
✣DOCTOR JOSE RIZAL
IS BORN WITH A BIG
HEAD.

12
13
 The baptism of rizal

✣ Date of Baptismal: June 22, 1861

✣ Age during Baptismal: 3 days old
✣ Presider during Baptismal: Fr. Rufino Collantes
(Batangueño)
✣ Godfather: Fr. Pedro Casanas
✣ Parish Priest of Calamba: Leoncio Lopez

14
During the baptism ceremony, father collantes was impressed by Rizal’s a big head.
According to Father Collantes: “Take good care of this child, for someday he will
become a great man.”
The baptismal certificate of Rizal reads as follows:
✣ “I, the parish priest of the town of Calamba, whose signature appears below,
certify that as a result of inquiries, which with the proper authorization were
made for the restoration of the canonical books (that were burned) on the
28th of September 1862 and are found in the file of baptisms, book n 1, page
49, it emerges according to the declaration of competent and sworn
witnesses that Jose Rizal Mercado is legitimate son from the legitimate
matrimony of Don Francisco Rizal Mercado and Dna Teodora Realonda
(that) he was baptized in this parish on the 22nd of June 1861 by the parish
priest Reverend Father Rufino Collantes, and his godfather was the
Reverend Father Pedro Casanas. And I sign this as true. -Leoncio Lopez.”

15
Rizal,s baptismal certificate
 Rizal’s parents
The father of Rizal,FRANCISCO
MERCADO RIZAL was born in Biṅan,
Laguna, on May 11, 1818.
Educational background: Studied Latin and
Philosophy at the College of san jose in
manila.
Date of death: january 5 ,1989
Rizal affectionately called him “a model of
fathers”
17
The mother of Rizal, Teodora Alonso Realonda
was born in manila on november 8,1826 and
was educated at the college of santa rosa, a
well known college for girls in the city
Rizal lovingly said of her” my mother is a
woman of more than ordinary culture; she
nows literature and speeks spanish better than
i . She corrected my poems and gave me good
advice when i was studying rhetoric. She is a
mathematician and has red many books"
 Rizal’s parents

The mother of Rizal, Teodora Alonso Realonda was born in manila on november 8,1826 and
was educated at the college of santa rosa, a well known college for girls in the city.

Rizal lovingly said of her” my mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture; she nows
literature and speeks spanish better than i . She corrected my poems and gave me good
advice when i was studying rhetoric. She is a mathematician and has red many books“

Doṅa teodora died in manila on august 16, 1911

18
✣ Before the death of doṅa teodora, the philippine government offered her a life pension
. She courteously rejected it saying,”my family has never been patriotic for money. If
the government has plenty of funds, and does not know what to dowith them, better
reduce the taxes.”
✣ Such remarks truly befitted her as a worthy mother of a national hero.

19
 What is the
nickname of rizal?
Answer: PEPE
20
Rizal children

21
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Saturnina (1850-1913) is the eldest child of Don Francisco

and Teodora Alonso.
✣ She and her mother provided the little Jose with good
basic education that by the age of three, Pepe (Jose’s
nickname) already knew his alphabet.

22
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Paciano, Jose’s only brother, was born on March 7, 1851 in Calamba,

Laguna. He was fondly addressed by his siblings as ‘Ñor Paciano,’ short
for ‘Señor Paciano’. The 10-year older brother of Jose studied at San Jose
College in Manila, became a farmer, and later a general of the Philippine
Revolution. After Jose Rizal’s execution in December 1896, his ‘kuya’
Paciano joined the Katipuneros in Cavite under General Emilio
Aguinaldo. As Katipunero, Paciano was commissioned as general of the
revolutionary forces and elected as secretary of finance in the Department
Government of Central Luzon. (For Jose and Paciano’s collaboration and
connection to Emilio Aguinaldo.

23
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Narcisa  (1852-1939) or simply ‘Sisa’ was the third child

in the family. Later in history, Narcisa (like Saturnina) would
help in financing Jose Rizal’s studies in Europe, even
pawning her jewelry and peddling her clothes if needed. It
was said she could recite from memory almost all of the
poems of our national hero.

24
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Olympia  (1855-1887) is the fourth child in the Rizal

family.
✣ Jose loved to tease her, sometimes good-humoredly
describing her as his stout sister. Jose’s first love, 
Segunda Katigbak, was Olympia’s schoolmate at the La
Concordia College.
✣ Rizal confided to Olympia (also spelled ‘Olimpia’)
about Segunda, and the sister willingly served as the
mediator between the two teenage lovers.

25
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Lucia  (1857–1919) is the fifth child in the family. She married Mariano
Herbosa of Calamba, Laguna. Charged of inciting the Calamba townsfolk
not to pay land rent and causing unrest, the couple was once ordered to be
deported along with some Rizal family members.
✣
Lucia’s husband died during the cholera epidemic in May 1889 and was
refused a Catholic burial for not going to confession since his marriage to
Lucia. In Jose Rizal’s article in La Solidaridad entitled Una profanacion (A
Profanation), he scornfully attacked the friars for declining to bury in
‘sacred ground’ a ‘good Christian’ simply because he was the “brother-in-
law of Rizal”.

26
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Maria (1859-1945) is the sixth child in the family. It

was to her whom Jose talked about wanting 
to marry Josephine Bracken when the majority of the
Rizal family was apparently not amenable to the idea.
✣ In his letter dated December 28, 1891, Jose Rizal wrote
to her sister Maria, “I’m told that your children are very
pretty.” Today, we have a historical proof that Maria’s
progenies were indeed nice-looking (‘lahing maganda’).

27
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Also called ‘Concha’ by her siblings, Concepcion

 (1862-1865) was the eight child of the Rizal family. She
died at the age of three.
✣ Of his sisters, it was said that the young Pepe loved most
little Concha who was a year younger than him. Jose played
games and shared children stories with her, and from her he
felt the beauty of sisterly love at young age.

28
 Rizal’s siblings
✣ Josefa, nickname is Panggoy (1865-1945). She’s the ninth child in the
family.
✣ Panggoy died a spinster. Among Jose Rizal’s letters to Josefa, the one dated
October 26, 1893 is perhaps the most fascinating. Written in English, the letter
addressed Josefa as “Miss Josephine Rizal.”
✣ After Jose’s martyrdom, the epileptic Josefa joined the Katipunan and was even
said to have been elected the president of its women section. She was one of the
original 29 women admitted to the Katipunan along with Gregoria de Jesus,
wife of Andres Bonifacio.
✣ They safeguarded the secret papers and documents of the society and danced
and sang during sessions so that civil guards would think that the meetings were
just harmless social gatherings.

29
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Trinidad (1868-1951) or ‘Trining’ was the tenth child. Historically,

she became the custodian of Rizal’s last and greatest poem.
✣ Right before Jose’s execution, Trinidad and their mother visited him in
the Fort Santiago prison cell.
✣ As they were leaving, Jose handed over to Trining an alcohol cooking
stove, a gift from the Pardo de Taveras, whispering to her in a language
which the guards could not understand, “There is something in it.”
✣ That ‘something’ was Rizal’s elegy now known as “Mi Ultimo Adios.”
Like Josefa, Paciano, and two nieces, Trinidad joined the Katipunan
after Jose’s death.

30
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Also called ‘Choleng,’ Soledad (1870-1929) was the youngest child

of the Rizal family. Being a teacher, she was arguably the best educated
among Rizal’s sisters.
✣ In his long and meaty letter to Choleng dated June 6, 1890, Jose Rizal
told her sister that he was proud of her for becoming a teacher. He thus
counseled her to be a model of virtues and good qualities “for the one
who should teach should be better than the persons who need her
learning.” Rizal nonetheless used the topic as leverage in somewhat
rebuking her sister for getting married to Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba without their parents’ consent. “Because of you,” he wrote,
“the peace of our family has been disturbed.”

31
 Rizal’s siblings

✣ Choleng’s union with Pantaleon, nonetheless

resulted in Rizal family’s becoming connected
by affinity to Miguel Malvar, the hero who
could have been listed as the second Philippine
President for taking over the revolutionary
government after Emilio Aguinaldo’s arrest in
1901.

32
RIZAL’S
ANCESTRY

33
 The surname rizal
The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco Mercado as suggested to him by
a provincial governor after the Governor General of the Philippines, Narciso
Claveria, issued a decree in 1849 by which native Filipino and immigrant families
were to adopt Spanish surnames from a list of Spanish family names.
Jose Rizal also obtained the surname Rizal after dropping three other names
that made up his full name. Jose Rizal also retained Protasio as his other family
name. His family never actually recognized their Rizal surname, but Jose Rizal
was forced to use it so that he can travel freely and disassociate himself from his
brother Paciano, who was notorious because of his links with native priests who
were executed after they were found to be subversives.

34
 The surname rizal

“ I am the only Rizal, because at home, my parents , my sister,

my brother, and my relatives have always preffered our old
surname mercado. Our family name was in fact Mercado but
there were many Mercados in the Philippines who are not
related to us. It is said that an alcalde mayor, who was a friend
of our family added Rizal to our name. My family did not pay
attention to this , but now, i have to use it . In this way, i am an
illegitimate son. “
35
RIZAL’S
HOME
36
 The house of the Rizal family, where the hero was born, was one of the distinguished
stone houses in Calamba during Spanish times. It was a two-storey building,
rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods, and roofed with red tiles.
It is described by Dr. Rafael Palma, one of Rizal’s prestigious biographers, as follows:

The house was high and even sumptuous, a solid and massive earthquake-proof
structure with sliding shell windows. Thick walls of lime and stone bounded the first
floor; the second floor was made entirely of wood except for the roof, which was of red
tile, in the style of the buildings in Manila at the time … At the back there was an azotea
and a wide, deep cistern to hold rain water for home use.

37
Behind the house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden
of tropical fruit trees – atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc.

It was happy home where parental affection and children’s laughter reigned. By day,
it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the
garden. By night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers. Such a wholesome
home, naturally, bred a wholesome family. And such family was the Rizal family.

38
A Good and Middle-Class Family

The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in

Spanish Philippines. It was one of the distinguished families in
Calamba.
-They rented farms from the Dominican Order and harvested rice,
corn and sugarcane.
-They raised pigs, chickens and turkeys. -Doña Teodora managed a
general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-
made ham press.
-Rizal’s parents were able to build a large stone house and buy
another one.
-They owned a carriage and a private library

39
The homelife
of rizal
40
The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy
life. In consonance with Filipino custom, family ties
among the Rizals were intimately close. Don
Frincisco and Doña Teodora loved their children, but
they never spoiled them. They were strict parents
and they trained their children to loved God, to
behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people,
especially the old folks. Whenever the children,
including Jose Rizal, got into mischief, they were
given a sound spanking. Evidently, they believed in
the maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”

41
Everyday the Rizal’s (parents and children) heard Mass in
the town church, particularly during Sundays and Christian
Holidays. They prayed together daily at home – the Angelus
at sunset and the rosary before retiring to bed at night. After
the family prayers, all the children kissed the hands of their
parents.

Life was not, however, all prayers and church services for the
Rizal children. They were given ample time and freedom to
play by their strict and religious parents. They played merrily
in the azotea or in the garden by themselves. The older ones
were allowed to play with the children of other families.
42
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and ripe
lemons. In the spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between green and
orange.

43
I HOPE YOU’VE LEARNED
ALOT!
Thank you for listening!

44