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Philippine Politics and

Governance Week 4
2ND Quarter
Analyze the diagram below, what do you think does the image
trying to represent? Explain your answers further.
 DECENTRALIZATION
● DECENTRALIZATION is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those
regarding planning and decision-making are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative
location or group.

● Decentralization or transfer of authority, responsibility and resources from the central government to lower
government is very important especially when the geographical area of country and its population are too
large for the central government to manage.

●  Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private

businesses and organizations, political science, law and public
administration, economics, money and technology.
 TYPES OF
DECENTRALIZATION
Political decentralization aims to give
citizens or their elected representatives Administrative decentralization involves
more power in public decision-making. Its redistributing authority, responsibility and
goal is to introduce more participatory forms financial resources for providing public
of governance by giving citizens, or their services from the national government to
representatives, more influence in the local units of government agencies, sub-
formulation and implementation of health national government or semi-autonomous
policies and plans. Political decentralization public authorities or corporation.
often requires constitutional law reform as
well as changes to other laws

Philippine Local Government Units
Barangay. The
barangay is the basic
unit of government. It is
made up of at least two
thousand (2000)
inhabitants certified by
Philippine Statistics
Auhority.
Roles and Functions of the
Officials of the Barangay Government.
There shall be in each barangay, a Punong Barangay, Seven (7) Sangguniang
Barangay members, the Sangguniang Kabataang Chairman, a Barangay
Secretary and a Barangay Treasurer. There shall also be in every Barangay a
Lupong Tagapamayapa. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section
387).
Role of the Barangay.
As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and
implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and
activities in the community and as a forum wherein the collective views of the
people may be expressed, crystallized and considered and when disputes may
be amicably settled (The5 Local Government Code of the Philippines section 384
 Basic Functions of Barangay
1. Ensure the delivery of basic services.
2. Enforce laws and regulation relating to the protection of the environment.
3. Adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse and
juvenile delinquency.
4. Serves a forum where people’s interests and opinions on local and
national issues are articulated.
5. Serves as a place for settling neighborhood disputes or conflicts

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 II. Municipality
● A municipality may be created if it has an average annual income, as certified by the
provincial treasurer, of at least two million five hundred thousand pesos (P2,500,000.00) for
the last two (2) consecutive years based on the 1991 constant prices; a population of at least
twenty-five thousand (25,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics Office; and a
contiguousterritory of at least fifty (50) square kilometers as certified by the
LandsManagement Bureau: (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section
● 441).

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 Officials of the Municipal
Government
● There shall be in each municipality a municipal mayor, a municipal vice-mayor, Sangguniang
Bayan members, a secretary to the Sangguniang Bayan, a municipal treasurer, a municipal
assessor, a municipal accountant, a municipal budget officer, a municipal planning and
development coordinator, a municipal engineer/building official, a municipal health officer
and a municipal civil registrar. In addition, thereto, the mayor may appoint a municipal
administrator, a municipal legal officer, a municipal agriculturist, a municipal environment
and natural resources officer, a municipal social welfare and development officer, a municipal
architect, and a municipal information officer (The Local Government Code of the
Philippines section 443).

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 Roles of Municipality

● The municipality, consisting of a group of Barangays, serves

primarily as a general purpose government for the coordination
and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.
(The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 440).

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 III. City
● A municipality or a cluster of Barangays may be converted into a component city
if it has an average annual income, as certified by the Department of Finance, of at
least Twenty million pesos (Php20,000,000.00) for the last two (2) consecutive
years based on 1991 constant prices, and if it has either of the following
requisites: (i) a contiguous territory of at least one hundred (100) square
kilometers, as certified by the Lands Management Bureau; or, (ii) a population of
not less than one hundred fifty thousand(150,000 (The Local Government Code of
the Philippines section 450).

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 Officials of the City Government

● There shall be in each city a mayor, a vicemayor, Sangguniang Panlungsod members, a

secretary to the Sangguniang Panlungsod, a city treasurer, a city assessor, a city accountant, a
city budget officer, a city planning and development coordinator, a city engineer, a city health
officer, a city civil registrar, a city administrator, a city legal officer, a city veterinarian, a city
social welfare and development officer, and a city general services officer. In addition,
thereto, the city mayor may appoint a city architect, a city information officer, a city
agriculturist, a city population officer, a city environment and natural resources officer, and a
city cooperatives officer. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 454).

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 Role of the City
The city, consisting of more urbanized and developed Barangays,
serves as a general-purpose government for the coordination and
delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction. (The
Local Government Code of the Philippines section 448)

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 Basic Functions of Cities and
Municipalities
1. Ensure the delivery of basic services.
2. Enact policies and laws, enforce them, and govern their jurisdiction.
3. Exercise regulatory powers within their jurisdictional areas to ensure that private
enterprise does not impede the good and welfare of the public.
4. Issue permits and licenses and to revoke or taking back the same if necessary for
local business, land use and construction, both for industrial and private purposes.

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 IV. Province
● A province may be created if it has an average annual income, as certified by the
Department of Finance, of not less than Twenty million pesos(Php20,000,000.00)
based on 1991 constant prices and either of the following requisites: (i) a
contiguous territory of at least two thousand (2,000) square kilometers, as certified
by the Lands Management Bureau; or, (ii) a population of not less than two
hundred fifty thousand(250,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics
Office (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 461).
●  

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 Officials of the Provincial
Government
● There shall be in each province a governor, a vice-governor, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a
Secretary to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a provincial treasurer, a provincial assessor, a provincial
accountant, a provincial engineer, a provincial budget officer, a provincial planning and development
coordinator, a provincial legal officer, a provincial administrator, a provincial health officer, a provincial
social welfare and development officer, a provincial general services officer, a provincial agriculturist, and a
provincial veterinarian. In addition, thereto, the governor may appoint a provincial population officer, a
provincial natural resources and environment officer, a provincial cooperative officer, a provincial architect,
and a provincial information officer. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 463).

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 Role of the Province
● The province, composed of a cluster of municipalities, or
municipalities and component cities, and as a political and
corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism
for developmental processes and effective governance of local
government units within its territorial jurisdiction (The Local
Government Code of the Philippines section 459).

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 Basic Functions of Province
● 1. Supervision - Every provincial government is tasked with supervising the municipal
governments in the planning, budgeting, and service delivery process.
● 2. Developmental - This function has to do with facilitating economic development of
municipalities within the jurisdiction of a provincial government by paving the way for
transfer of technology and the granting of agricultural assistance to farmers.
● 3. Environmental - This is associated with the enforcement of laws and ordinances relating
to the preservation of the environment.
● 4. Health - Provincial governments provide tertiary health services in addition to what are
provided by each municipality.

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THANK YOU

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Ma. Angelica A. Luce