Syllabus

1.Vertical drop weir

2.Tank Sluice with tower head
3.Syphon Well drop
4.Canal drop(Notch type)
5.Canal Regulator
6.Syphon Aqueduct
Reference:Water Resources Engineering
Priniciples and Practice by Satya Narayana Murthy
Challa
Design the surplus work of a tank forming part of chain of tanks. The
combined catchment area of the group of tanks is 25.89 km 2 and the area of
the catchment intercepted by the upper tanks is 20.71 km 2. it is decided to
store water in the tank to a level of +12.00 meters above M.S.L limiting the
submersion of foreshore lands up to a level of +12.75m above M.S.L. the
general ground level at the proposed site of works is +11.00 meters and the
ground level below the proposed surplus slopes off till it reaches +10.00
meters in about 6 m distance.
Vertical Drop Weir:

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 Data:
• Combined catchment area of the group of
tanks:25.89 sq.kms
• Intercepted catchment area of the upper
tank=20.71 sq.km
• F.T.L(Full tank level)=+12.00
• Submersion of foreshore lands +12.75m
• Hard soil at foundation+9.50m
1.Estimation of flood discharge
2.Length of surplus weir.
3.Weir
4.Crest width of weir
5. Base width of weir
6. Abutments, wings and Returns.
7.Upstream side transition
8.Downstream side transition
9.Aprons of the weir.
Estimation of flood discharge entering the tank
Combined catchment area of group of tanks=25.89 km 2
Intercepted catchment area=20.71 km2
Flood discharge Q = CM 2/3- cm 2/3
Where C may be assumed as 9.00 and c is taken as 1.50
Q = 9*25.89(2/3)-1.50*20.71(2/3)
Q = 67.45 cumecs
Length of surplus weir:
Water is stored up to +12.00 F.T.L of tank
So the crest level of surplus weir is kept at +12.00 meters
Submersion of foreshore lands is limited to +12.75m
M.W.L of tank is kept at +12.75m
Head of discharge over the weir is 12.75-12.00=0.75m
Grooved damstones of 15cm *15cm*75cms are provided in
the center of the crest at one meter interval with top at M.W.L
Weir is assumed a broad crested weir.
Q= Cd b h(3/2)
67.45= *0.562*b*0.75*
b=62.5m say 63 m
Overall length of surplus weir between abutments
=63+62*0.15= 72.30m
Weir:
Crest Level: +12.00
Top of dam stone: +12.75m
Ground level: +11.00m
Level where hard soil is available is met with with+9.50m
Taking foundation about 0.5m deeper into hard soil, the
foundation level can be fixed at 9.00.
The foundation concrete may be usually 0.6m thick
Top of foundation concrete:+9.60
Height of weir above foundation= +12.00-9.60=2.40m
Crest width:
Generally crest width is assumed as equal to 0.55(+).
Where H is height of weir and h is the head over the weir and
both are in meters.
a= 0.55(+)=0.55(+)=1.3m
This gives a crest width of about 1.3m.
Base width:
Check the stability of the weir, such that the resultant thrust
due to overturning water pressure when water on the
upstream side is up to top of the shutters and the weight of
masonry of the weir passes through the middle third.
Maximum overturning moment due to water thrust is equal to
Mo =
Where S is the height of shutters.
The slopes of weir on either side being same, the restoring
moment M of the weir due to weight of masonry is
[{(ρ+1)H+S}b2+a(ρH-H-S)b -
Where ρ =specific gravity of masonry
H=height of weir
a= crest width of weir
b=base width of weir
S=height of shutters above weir crest
here a=1.3; S=0.75; ρ=2.25
By substituting the values base width will be 2.40m
Abutments, wings and returns: the top width of abutments,
wings, returns will be uniformly 0.5m with a front batter of 1 in
8.
Length of wing walls must be enough to completely encase the
tank bund.
Abutments: Portion AB is Abutment.
Top level same as that of the top of tank bund at +14.50 and it
has length at top same as that of the top width of bund.
Height of abutment above foundation concrete=14.50-
9.60=4.90m
Bottom width required is about 4.90*0.4=1.96m say 2m
The wall BD is called upstream wing wall. The section of the wing
wall at B is the same as that of the section of the Abutment.
The wing wall start sloping down from B till it reaches about 30
cms M.W.L 12.75+0.3=13.05 at C.
Section of wing wall at C:
Height of wall above top of foundation 13.05-9.60=3.45m
Base width required=3.45*0.40=1.38m or 1.40m
Top width is same as 0.5m but the bottom width gets slowly
reduces from 2 m at section B to 1.40 m at section C
Level wing and return: since the level wing and return portions CD
and DE have to be through out 30 cms above M.W.L, the same
section of wall at C can be adopted.
Upstream side transition: In order to give an easy approach the
upstream side wing wall may be splayed generally 1 in3.
Downstream side wings and returns
The wing wall from A to F will slope down till the top reaches the
ground level at F. the section of the wing wall at A will be the same
as that of the abutments
The top of wing wall at F may be fixed at +11.00 same as that of
ground level.
So the height of the wall above foundation concrete =11.00-
9.60=1.40m
Base width =0.4*1.40=0.56m
And minimum base width required 0.6m
The downstream side wings are given a splay of 1 in 5
Aprons of the weir: the ground level at the site of weir is+11.00
Upstream Aprons:
Generally no aprons are required on the upstream side of the
weir.
However it is desirable to provide a puddle apron .
Downstream aprons:
Since the ground level is falling down to +10.00 in a distance of
6 m, its desirable to provide stepped apron. The stepping apron
may be in two stages.
The aprons may be designed for a hydraulic gradient of 1 in 5
Maximum uplift pressures are experienced on the downstream
aprons when the water level in the tanks is up to top of dam
stone level+12.75m, with no water on the downstream side.
Assume the downstream water level +10.00
Total head causing uplift=12.75-10.00
If the residual uplift gradient is to be limited to 1/5.
Total creep length= 2.75*5=13.75m
Total length of percolation=
AB+BC+CD+DE+EF=1.40+0.60+3.00+DE+1.00(assume)=DE+6.00
Should not be less than 13.75
DE+6.00=13.75
DE=7.75m
The total length of solid apron from the body wall is provided as
shown in the above figure.
Thickness of solid apron:
Maximum uplift is at D
Assuming a thickness of 80cmsof apron.
Bottom level of apron is 10.20
Creep length to bottom of apron =1.20m
Total creep length from A to D=1.40+0.60+3.00+1.20=6.20m
Head lost in percolation along the path up to the
point=6.20/5=1.24m
Residual head exerting uplift under the apron=2.75-1.24=1.51m
Each meter depth of concrete can withstand a head of 2.25m by
the self weight of apron alone.
Thickness of apron required for the first 3 m length= * =0.805m
Thickness of apron required for the next 5 m length
Head lost (6.20+3)/5= 1.84m
Residual uplift=2.75-1.84=0.91m
Thickness required= * = 0.485m =0.5m
t= = [ ] =0.809m Blighs creep theory
 Reference:
• Water Resources Engineering , Principles and
practice by Satya Narayana Murthy Challa