BIOTECHNOLOGY IN

MEDICAL FIELD
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01. Introduction 02. Techniques

03. Emerging Trends 04. The Products

 INTRODUCTION
What is medical biotechnology?

It is defined as the application of biotech

tools for producing medical products that can
be used for the diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of diseases.
TIMELINE of Med-biotech
1979 1991
The first biotech Cancer patients are
product human growth treated with a gene
hormone. therapy

1882 – 1944 1971 - 1979 1984 1991 – 1997 2002

1882 Alec Jeffrey s Vaccine

Chromosomes World’s first DNA First vacconines again
discovered in fingerprinting cervival cancer
salamander larvae technique is developed, development
COUNTRIES – MED BIOTECH
IRAN
 Iran is one of the leading countries
in the Middle East and North Africa
in the area of Medical biotechnology

GERMANY
Germany is the world’s leading
medical biotech nation behind the
US.

INDONESIA
The development of health
Biotechnology in Indonesia
is still weak
TECHNIQUES
 POLYMERASE
CHAIN REACTION
PCR(PCR ) a method of
is a method
making multiple copies of a DNA
sequence. It is developed by
Kary Mullis in the 1980s.

Main components of PCR:

• DNA Template
• DNA Polymerase Technique:
• Primers Basic PCR technique has been modified for amplifying
both DNA and RNA templates and is now used for
• Nucleotides QUANTITIVE measurements.
DNA SEQUENCING
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the
order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

History
DNA sequencing was first developed by Fred Sanger in
1955, where he determined the sequence of amino acids
in an insulin molecule.

DNA sequencing has now become a

powerful tool for basic research and
traditional research. It also has been
tested as a tool for diagnosis and
prognosis in medicine.
CELL CULTURE
Definition
Cell culture is the process where cells in vivo
grown outside the body in controlled conditions.
Types of cell culture
There are two platforms for culturing cells,
namely adherent cell cultures and cell
suspension cultures.

GENOME EDITING

Genome editing has become a major technique used in medical

biotechnology. It's a technique used to change the structure of a
gene or genome using engineeredd nucleases.
EMERGING TRENDS
STEM CELLS

Stem cells are nonspecific cells that can

differentiate into specific cell types, self-
renewal and differentiation.

Self-renewal: the capacity of stem

cells to produce copies via Stem cells are divided into
symetric or asymmetric division. embryonic system cells
(ESCs) that are isolated
from inner cell mass (ICM).
Differentiation: the capacity
of stem cells to achieve
function after changes in
gene expression.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
This technology allows a gene or multiple genes can be
identified, cut, and inserted into the genome of another
organism.

Recombinant DNA technology In generally, this has 5 steps. (1)

relates to the usage of three cutting the desired DNA by
main tools: restriction sites, (2) amplifying
the gene copies by PCR (3)
inserting the genes into the
• enzymes (restriction vectors, (4) transferring the
enzymes, polymerases, and vectors into host organism and
ligases) (5) obtaining the products.
• vectors
• host organism
PRODUCTS
ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics are types of

antimicrobial products used
for the treatment and
prevention of bacterial
infections.

 • Penicillin—for example, phenoxymethylpenicillin,

flucloxacillin, and amoxicillin
 • Cephalosporins—for example, cefaclor, cefadroxil,
and cefalexin 
• Tetracyclines—for example, tetracycline,
doxycycline, and lymecycline 
• Aminoglycosides—for example, gentamicin and
tobramycin
Inactivated vaccine: This type of vaccine contains microorganisms
that were inactivated by chemicals, heat, radiation, or antibiotics.
Examples include influenza, cholera.

Attenuated vaccines: This type of vaccine contains live

microorganisms that were attenuated. Most vaccines
in this type are attenuated viruses such as yellow
fever, measles, rubella, and mumps.

A biological product that aims

to provide acquired immunity
for a particular heart disease.
VACCINES
 STEM CELL THERAPY
Stem cell therapy offers
advanced treatment for
degenerative diseases as well
as for some genetic disorder.

More importantly, from 2010 onwards,

approximately 12 stem cell based products have
been approved for treatments, some of them as
stem cell drugs.

Standard treatment for some types of abnormal

hematological conditions, including leukemia,
multiple myeloma, etc.
 Medical biotechnology has provided
multiple technologies and products for
health care. With these breakthroughs,
medical biotechnology is positioned to
become the most significant field that
improves human health and the quality
of life.

—CONCLUSION
THANK YOU SO
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