DRILLING

BENCH BLASTING
&
ECONOMY
 ECONOMICS OF BLASTING
OPERATIONS

DRILLING - 65%

EXPLOSIVES - 30%

FIRING
SEQUENCE - 05%
DRRILLING:

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED BEFORE

DRILLING:
• Nature of area
• Depth of hole
• Extent to which rock is broken..
• Out put size.
CLASSIFICATION OF DRILLS:
• Hand Held - Small
• Wheel Mounted - Medium
• Track Mounted - Heavy
BENCH BLAST DESIGN
BREAKAGE PHENOMENAN:

• Detonation of explosive in any rock mass brings

rock mass in compression.
• Shock wave - All Directions
• Shock wave - After reaching free surface reflect
back.
• Resulting conversion of compression state of rock
mass into tension, and rock breaks into burden
area.
• Most material natural and unnatural are weaker
against tensile strength as compared to
compressive strength.
BENCH BLAST TERMINOLOGY

Burden = Distance from 1st row to

Free face-or- between rows.
Spacing = Distance between holes
in a row.
Sub drilling = Drilling below bench
height.
Bottom Charge = High Explosive in
bottom portion.
Column Charge = Low explosive in
column section.
Stemming = Empty portion at top of
hole, to be filled with sand/gravel.
PACKING DEGREE OF EXPLOSIVES:

Emulite -150:
95 % -or- 1.25 Kg/Ltr
Wabox 80%:
90% -or- 1.45 Kg/Ltr
ANFO-WAPRIL:
100 %-or- 0.85 Kg/Ltr
CALCULATION FORMULAS:

Burden:
Hole dia. in inches = Meter
Spacing:
S = 1.25 Burden
Sub Drilling:
U = .03 x Burden
Stemming:
H0 = Burden
CHARGE CALCULATION :
Bottom Charge:
• Concentration = Ib = 7.85 D^2 P
• (D=hole dia in dm , P=packing degree)
• Height = hb = 1.3 Burden
• Quantity = Qb = hb x Ib
Column Charge:
• Concentration = 40 – 50% of Ib.
• Height = Hc = H – Hb – Ho
• Quantity = Qc = Ic x Hc
Total Charge:
• Q = Qb + Qc
SPECIFIC CHARGE (kg/m3):
Q = Q/BxSxK

SPECIFIC DRILLING (M / M3):

D = H / Bx S x K
Finer Fragmentation:
• Spacing / Burden Ratio > 1
• Use of Delay Detonators
• Higher Specific Charge

Coarser Fragmentation:
• Spacing / Burden Ratio < 1
• Instantaneous Blasting
• Blasting of one row at a time.