Professional Documents
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Spring 2004
Introduction
d bs
vbs ibs rs
dt
d cs
vcs ics rs
dt
Voltage Equations (cont’d)
d br
vbr ibr rr
dt
d cr
vcr icr rr
dt
Flux Linkage Equations
Model of Induction Motor
To build up our simulation equation, we could
just differentiate each expression for , e.g.
fq f a
f T f
d qd 0 b
f0 fc
where f can be i, v, or .
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
2 2
cos q cos q
3
cos q
3
2 2 2
Tqd 0 ( q ) sin q sin q sin q
3 3 3
1 1 1
2 2 2
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
cos q sin q 1
1 2 2
Tqd 0 ( q ) cos q sin q 1
3 3
2 2
cos q sin q 1
3 3
Of course, [T][T]-1=[I]
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
Thus,
vq va
v T v
d qd 0 b
v0 vc
and iq ia
i T i
d qd 0 b
i0 ic
Induction Motor Model in qd0
Acknowledgement:
ROTOR:
qd0r= Tr abcr= Tr LsrT Ts-1 iqd0s +Tr Lr Tr-1 iqd0r
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
After some algebra, we find:
1
T LT
But what about the cross terms? They
s s s
depend on the choice of and .
Let = - r , where r is the rotor position.
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
Now:
3 Lm 0 0
2
Tr LTsrTs1 Ts LsrTr1 0 3 L 0
2 m
0 0 0
Just constants!!
Our double reference frame transformation eliminates
the trig. terms found in our original equations.
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
We know what and r must be to make
the transformation work but we still have
not determined what to set to. We’ll
come back to this but let us first look at
our new qd0 constitutive law and work
out simulation equations.
d
vqd 0 s T s vabcs T s Riabcs T s
dt
abcs
1 d 1
T s RT s iqd 0 s T s T s qd 0 s
dt
d 1
Riqd 0 s T s T s qd 0 s
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
vqd 0 s Riqd 0 s
d
dt
dt
d 1
qd 0 s T s T s qd 0 s
d
0
dt
0
Riqd 0 s
d
dt
qd 0 s d
dt
0 0 qd 0 s
0 0 0
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
For the stator this matrix is:
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
d ds
vds ids rs qs
dt
d 0 s
v0 s i0 s rs
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
Simulation model; Rotor Equations:
d qr
vqr iqr rr ( r )dr
dt
d dr
vdr idr rr ( r )qr
dt
d 0 r
v0 r i0 r rr
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
d
e
dt
where e is synchronous frequency.
3P
Tem (qr idr dr iqr )
22
3P
(ds iqs qs ids )
22
3P
xm (idr iqs iqr ids )
22
Induction Motor Model in qd0 Example
2
vbr Vmr cos( s et r (0) ) ibr I mr cos( s et 2 r (0) r )
3 3
4 4
vcr Vmr cos( s et i I
r (0) ) cr mr cos( s e t r (0) r )
3 3
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
Transforming these stator and rotor abc
variables to the qd0 reference with the q-axis
aligned with the a-axis of the stator gives:
s s j e t
v s vqs jvds Vms e
s s j j et
i s iqs jids I ms e e
v r (vqrr jvdrr )e j r (t ) (Vmr e j ( set r (0) ) )e j r (t )
s andr r= qd0
where
r
components in stationary
j r ( t ) j ( s e t r (0) ) j r ( t )
i r and
frame (iqrrotating
jidr )eref. frames, ( I mrrespectively.
e )e
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
In steady state operation with the rotor
rotating at a constant speed of e(1-s),
r (t ) e (1 s)t r (0)
s s iqrs jidrs
I qr j I dr I ar e jet
2
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
Referring the rotor voltages and currents to
the stator side gives:
e e
V as (rs j xls )I as j xm (I as I 'ar )
b b
'ar
V r 'r baseore rated angular freq.
where b is (the j x 'lr )I 'ar j e xm (I as I 'ar )
given sby s bwhere frated =rated
b
frequency in Hz of the machine.
b 2 f rated
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
A phasor diagram of the stator and rotor
variables with I m I as I ' is shown below
ar
together with an equivalent circuit diagram.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
By adding and subtracting rr’ and
regrouping terms, we get the alternative
equivalent circuit representation shown
below:
e
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
The rr’ (1-s)/s resistance term is
associated with the mechanical power
developed.
rm s sm (1 s ) s sm
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
The operating characteristics are quite
different if the induction motor is operated
at constant voltage or constant current.
Constant voltage -> stator series impedance
drop is small => airgap voltage close to
supply voltage over wide range of loading.
Constant current -> terminal and airgap
voltage could vary significantly.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
Shorting the rotor windings and
operating the stator windings with a
constant voltage supply leads to the
below Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
The Thevenin circuit parameters are:
th jxm as
V V
rs j ( xls xm )
jxm (rs jxls )
Zth rth jxth
rs j ( xls xm )
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
The average torque developed for a P-pole
machine with constant voltage supply is given
by:
3P Vth2 (rr' / s )
Tem
2 e (rth rr' / s ) 2 ( xth xlr' ) 2