LESSON 14

BONES & MUSCLES

Prepared by:

Joenah Joyce L. Esmalla

Jose P. Laurel Elementary School
General Santos City
 Let’s do this!
1. Bend forward, then raise your
arms sideward.
2. Turn your head from left to
right.
3. Sway your hips.
4. Bend your knees
How many bones are involved in
the movement?
Are the bones connected to
each other?
What covers these bones?
How do muscles help the bones
to move?
Aside from our Skeleton,
Muscles are also necessary
for movement: They're the
masses of tough, elastic
tissue that pull our bones
when we move.
Bones don't work
alone — they need
help from the muscles
and joints.
Muscles pull on the joints,
allowing us to move.
Muscles help the body
perform other functions so
we can grow and remain
strong, such as chewing
food and then moving it
through the digestive
system.
A joint is a point
where two or more
bones meet.

Joints allow our

bodies to move in
many ways.
 The Major Organs of the Body

The major organs of the body are bones, muscles, stomach,

intestines, kidneys, heart, lungs and brain. Each major organ
has its own parts and function.
1. The bones in the body have different sizes and shapes. Some
bones are long and some are short. There are flat bones while
others have irregular shapes. Bones together What’s the
meaning? 7 with the muscles help together to make the body
move. One of the important functions of the bones is to protect
the internal organs of the body.
a. Skull protects the brain.
b. Backbones protect the spinal cord.
c. Ribs form a protective cage around the heart and lungs.
d. Hipbones protect the body when we sit.
2. The muscles form the fleshy parts of the body. They enable our
body to move. Muscles also give shape and forms to our body.
Muscles have different types.
a. Smooth muscles. They are located along the walls of the
major/internal organs. They are also called the involuntary
muscles.
b. Skeletal muscles are muscles attached to the bones. These
muscles are also known as the voluntary muscles. The skeletal
muscles of the arms and legs work by pairs when you move.
3. The stomach is shaped like a letter J. It is also compared to
a bag or pouch made of muscles. The stomach serves as
“storage or holding organ” of the digestive system. As the
muscles of the stomach contract and relax, food is squeezed,
twisted and churned. The partially digested food in the
stomach are pushed to the small intestine for final digestion.
4. The small intestine is a coiled long tube organ. The linings
of the small intestine function like a filter. Digested
nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine then go into the
bloodstream.
5. The heart is made up of hollow muscular organ located in
the middle of the chest. The heart pumps blood to and from
the different parts of the body.
6. The lungs are made up of spongy tissues that contain tiny
air sacs called alveoli. The lungs are the main organ for
breathing.
The heart and lungs support each other to allow distribution
of nutrients and oxygen and work together to remove carbon
dioxide or waste product in the body.
7. The brain is found in the head and is protected by the skull
and soft tissues called meninges. Its main function is to 8
process information it receives and to send instructions to
the different parts of the body.
8. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs. They
remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called
the nephrons. Kidneys remove liquid waste from the blood in
the form of urine. They also keep a stable balance of salts
and other substances in the blood.
Application:

Do you think our body can move if the

muscles and bones do not coordinate
with each other?
If the bones do not have joints, what
will happen? Why?
What are
the
functions of
the muscles?
True or False:

1. The muscles and bones coordinate

with each other.

TRUE
True or False:

2. The point where the bones meet

are called joints.

TRUE
References

 https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html
 Google for the pictures
 Science 4 Learners Manual
 Science 4 Teachers Guide