TYPES OF RESEARCH

DANIEL ARLES SUMALING

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 Basic vs. Applied Research
Basic- its aim is to come up with a new
knowledge or contribute to the existing body
of knowledge.
- a new idea is explained and introduced
Applied- its aim is the application of the
theories or employing the existing idea or
theory in creating a product
 Basic vs. Applied Research
Qualitative Research- deals with
the characteristics observed
from the respondents with the
minimal to no use of statistical
analysis.
 Basic vs. Applied Research
Quantitative Research- uses quantitative
procedures where the respondents’ traits are
translated numerically.
- It focuses on the analysis and interpretation
of the raw numerical data gathered based on
statistical outcomes.

They qualify characteristics and they quantify

numbers
 Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
Qualitative Quantitative
(Usually) Non-probability-based Typically a probability-based sample
sample
Non-generalizable Generalizable

Answers Why? How? Answers How many? When? Where?

Formative, earlier phases Tests hypotheses, latter phases

Data are “rich” and time-consuming to Data are more efficient, but may miss
analyze contextual detail
Design may emerge as study unfolds Design decided in advance

Researcher IS the instrument Various tools, instruments employed

QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
• Objective- • Expresses the data in
understand the terms of numerical
underlying reasons. values as gathered
Gains insight in the from the respondents.
prevailing trends. It Draws out exact ideas
is interpretative and from samples.
contextualized
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
•Hypotheses- •Hypotheses are
may emerge as specifically
the study stated at the
progresses. outset and
tested.
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
•Sample- comes in • The respondents
small numbers. come in large
The respondents numbers. Probability
are identified in sampling is used to
non-probability represent the
population of
sampling. interest.
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
•Data Collection-
unstructured/free
•Structured
form procedures. procedures
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
•Data Analysis- data •Data is analyzed
are analyzed deductively.
inductively. Requires the use
Minimal to no use
of statistical test.
of statistical test.
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
• Outcome- • Findings are
Inconclusive and conclusive, usually
needs further study descriptive in
before nature, and are used
recommending a to recommend a
course of action. final course of
action.
QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
•Generalization- •Findings are
findings are generalizable
particularly in
depth about a to all
certain situations.
phenomenon.
 The Research Process
It follows steps similar to
scientific method. Whether it
is qualitative or quantitative,
it follows the same step.
 Identifying the Research Problems
•Are those that cause unfavorable
circumstances in a community or
an organization , further
investigations as recommended by
previous researches, or gaps in any
field of study.
 Definition of terms
Methodology
= the study of the
general approach to
inquiry in a given field.
 Definition of terms
Method
= the specific techniques,
tools or procedures applied
to achieve a given objective.
Definition of terms
Definition of terms
 Identifying the Research Problems
•It may be in form of questions that
need to be answered at the end
•It is the heart of good qualitative
research
•Literature Review is very important in
identifying the problems
Formulating Hypotheses and Designing the
Study
•Is an intellectual guess or tentative
answer to research questions. It
serves as guide in designing the
research methodology
Formulating Hypotheses and Designing the
Study
• Well-designed methodology is the key to success of
any research
a. From whom will your data come?
b. Where are you going to collect your data?
c. When and until when do you plan to gather your
data?
d. How are your going to facilitate the whole research
activity?
Collecting of and Organizing Data

•Gathering information by
means of defined method
in order to support the
hypothesis
Collecting of and Organizing
Data
DATA
- anything used to represent facts
and values or anything that may
represent a characteristic of
something that is being measured.
 Analyzing Data and Testing Hypothesis
Data Analysis
- process of examining data against the
preconceived hypotheses. If the data
gathered supports the hypotheses, then the
hypotheses cannot be rejected suggesting
that the research findings conform to the
past literatures of previous researches.
 Interpreting Data
•Data must be interpreted correctly to
ensure meaningful implications and
in making the research relevant.
•Member-checking- return to research
subjects for validation purposes is
necessary in qualitative research.
 Reporting Results
•Public dissemination of
research results is
essential
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Curious
- determination to investigate,
reading research journals,
finding out different trends etc.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Efficient
- proper use of time, effort, and
resources for an intended purpose.
Efficiency in managing research
schedules, managing funds etc.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Logical
- do not venture on any method
to attain goals but instead uses
the scientific method.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Effective-
- doing the right things,
must know how to foresee
errors to minimize effects.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Active
- involved in researches
responding to the challenges
of the modern world.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Practical
- if resources are limited, they must
be able to find ways to make use of
the given resources locally available
to them. They must be resourceful.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Inventive
- if a method is not feasible, they
must find alternative procedures.
Try to find unique or new ways to
handle difficulties in solving a
problem.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Honest
- not swayed into what is
expected but to what is
true.
 Characteristics of a Successful Researcher

•Cost-Effective
- because of limited resources,
researchers must make it a
point that these resources will
not be wasted.