Microcontroller

Prepared by:
Team of Lecturers
Department of Electrical Engineering
Overview

Microcontroller is a device that has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O
ports, and timer.

With the existence of these features, engineer can neither add the external memory nor
modify the internal memory

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CPU and its relation to RAM and ROM

For the CPU to process information, the data must be stored in RAM or ROM.

RAM stores temporary information that can change with

time i.e. word processing

ROM is employed to provide

CPU RAM ROM
information that is fixed and
permanent
I/O Timer Serial COM Port

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Memory Organization
Memory chips are organized into a number of locations within the IC. Each location can
hold 1 bit, 4 bits, 8 bits, or more, depending on how it is designed internally.

A memory chip contains locations, where x is the number of

address pins.

Each location contains y bits, where y is the number of data

pins on the chip.

The entire chip will contain x y bits, where x is the number

of address pins and y is the number of data pins on the chip.

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Harvard vs Von Neumann Architectures
AVR Microcontroller

AVR stands for Advanced Virtual RISC, that is a RISC-based microcontroller developed by
the students of Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) and then was bought and
developed by Atmel in 1996.

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References
Kaushik, D. K. (2010). Microprocessor 8085. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company.
Thank You