QUARTER 3

WEEK 4
» Define and describe hazard and exposure;
» differentiate among hazards, exposure, and
vulnerabilities and explain the relationship of
the three to disaster risk;
» assess the hazard; and
» identify and locate the hazards in the school.

LESSON OBJECTIVES
 HAZARD

It is a harmful condition,
substance, human behaviour or
condition that can cause loss of
life, injury or other health
effects, harm to property, loss
of livelihood and services.
ACTIVITY : Classifying Phenomena according to
Hazards
Classify/group the following phenomena in a table. You
can classify them in any way you want but you have to
describe the basis of your classification.
A. Ground shaking H. Typhoon
B. Tornado I. Forest fire
C. Landslide J. Liquefaction
D. Flood L. Tsunami
E. Indoor fire M. Extreme rainfall
F. Lava flow
G. Industrial pollution
K. Storm surge
GENERAL NATURAL HAZARDS MANMADE AND
TYPES OF TECHNOLOGICAL
HAZARDS HAZARDS
DEFINITION Naturally occurring A hazard originating
Definition physical phenomena from technological or
(2009 DRR caused either by industrial conditions,
terminology) rapid or slow onset including accidents,
events. dangerous
procedures,
infrastructure failures
or any specific
human activities
 TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD GEOLOGICAL HAZARD HYDROMETEOROLO-
GICAL HAZARD

Greek “Bio”- life Ge”- earth “hydro”- water

Etymology “meteoros”- sky
Definition Process or phenomena Geological process or Process or
(2009 DRR of organic origin or phenomenon phenomenon of
terminology) conveyed by biological atmospheric,
vectors/agents hydrological or
including exposure to oceanographic nature
pathogenic
microorganisms, toxins
and bioactive
substances

EXAMPLE Ebola virus, flu virus, Ballistic projectile, ground Tornado, flood,
rabies, COVID 19 shaking, tsunami tsunami
HAZARD ASSESSMENT
It is the process of estimating the
probabilities of occurrence of potentially
damaging phenomenon (hazard) of given
magnitude within a specified period of
time.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT
1. Quantitative approach
 mathematical functions or equations
relating to hazard variables are used
and adopted to quantify the data.
 considering the historical records and
derived basic principles.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT
2. Qualitative Approach
 uses expert opinion of ranking
relative terms in the intensity or
probability of occurrence of a hazard
event.
 this data is preferred when data is
not enough to come up with
quantitative evolution.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT
3. Probabilistic Approach

 this method provides an objective

estimate of the probability of each
hazard affecting an area or region by
considering past records of events.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT
4. Deterministic Approach

 subjective approach and a past event

of a given intensity or magnitude is
selected and the consequences at
certain intensities are described.
HAZARD MAPPING
 It is the process of identifying the
spatial variation of hazard events or
physical conditions (ground shaking,
steep slopes, flood plains, hazardous
materials, etc).
 It is useful in communicating vital
information about the spatial
variation of size and potential
intensity of a particular hazards.
NATURAL HAZARDS MAPPING METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
1. Use of various field techniques to
establish location and orientation of
geologic materials, landforms and
structures.
INSTRUMENT USED: compass, GPS,
stadia rods
NATURAL HAZARDS MAPPING METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
2. Stereoscopic pairs of photograph that
enable three-dimensional visualization
of the features of the area being
mapped.
INSTRUMENT USED: Digital Elevation
Method (DEMs)
NATURAL HAZARDS MAPPING METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
3. Scientific investigation involving
experts from various fields.
-Landslide Hazard Mapping (geologist)
NATURAL HAZARDS MAPPING METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
4. Use of GIS (Geographic Information
System)
 a powerful hazard mapping tool.
 displays maps and assigns attributes
to map units (points, lines, areas) and
it analyzes the data associated with
the map units.