Major Components of the

Internet
 The Internet is a publicly accessed network of
interconnected computer networks worldwide. It
consist of smaller academic networks, business
The Internet networks, government networks, and others which
offer a variety of services such as electronic mail,
chat, file transfer, interlinked Web pages and other
documents in the World Wide Web.
 The Internet is spelled with a capital “I” since it refers to
the entire collection of internetworks unlike the generic
term “internet” which merely refers to a single, specific
The Internet internetwork. The Internet is being monitored by The
Internet Society (hhtp://www.isoc.org), a nonprofit
group that oversees the creation of policies and
protocols that govern how we interact with the Internet.
The Internet
A router is a specialized computer needed to
connect a network to the Internet. It connects the
network to another and directs traffic of
messages or data packets in order to make sure
that data is transmitted and received correctly by
the recipient computer.
1. Servers
– is a computer program that
provides service to another
computer program
 Application Server – a program in computer that
provides the business logic for an application program.

Types of Servers Web Server – a computer program that serves

requested HTML pages or files.

Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary

between an endpoint device, such as computer and
another server from which a user is requesting.
 Mail Server – is an application that receives
incoming e-mail from local users and remote
senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery.

Types of Servers File Server – is a computer responsible for central

storage and management of data files so that other
computer on the same network can access them.

Policy Server – is a security component of a policy –

based network that provides authorization services
and facilities tracking and control of files.
 IP Address (Internet Protocol) – – is a numerical label
assigned to each device. This provides identity to a
network device.

Just like in a telephones system, each telephone has an

2. IP Address assigned number. In a network, that number is called an
IP Address. It is a unique identifying given to a computer
or device while it is connected to the network.

It could be assigned manually (static) or generated

automatically (dynamic). IP stands for Internet Protocol,
the language or protocol used by computers to
communicate over the Internet.
3. Browser
is an application program that provides
a way to look information on the web.
Example of browsers: Google chrome,
safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla
 IP addresses were used to connect to a
computer or Web site in the early days. This
became unacceptable after the Internet grew.

The solution was to map or link the IP addresses to

4. The Domain names maintained by the Network Information Center (
Name System http://www.internic.net).

Afterwards, the Domain Name System was created

to automate the process. The Domain Name Server
or DNS is a database containing map information of a
particular name and its corresponding IP address.
 The Nameserver is a computer server that resides in a
network implementing the DNS. Thanks to DNS you do
not have to memorize the IP address of a computer or
Web site.

The Domain It is like associating a name to a mobile phone number

in your phonebook. You don’t have to remember the
Name System actual phone number, just the name associated with it.

Instead of entering the IP addresses in the browser, you

use domain names (also called the URL or Uniform
Resource Locator) such as http://www.yahoo.com.
Some of the .COM – used by
commercial
.ORG – used by non –
profit organizations

top-level or organizations

first-level
domains are:
.EDU – used by
educational institutions
 .GOV – used by government institutions

.INT – used by international entities

Some of the
top-level or
first-level .MIL – used by military organizations
domains are:
.NET – used by network backbone
systems and network information system
Internet Service Two types of
ISP:
Provide (ISP)
Regional ISP –
– is an organization business that
National ISP –
provided
that provides provides
internet access
internet access
services for in cities and
to a specific
geographic
accessing, using or towns
area.
nationwide.
participating in the
internet. Example of ISP:
Sky Broadband,
PLDT, Converge