HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING POWER STREAM
INTERNSHIP REPORT

Hosting company: YAAG flour factory

Duration: 18/03/2015E.C - 30/05/2015E.C

Name ID No

Alamneh Mekonnen 3624/10

 contents
• Introduction

• Section of factory

• Induction motor

• Controlling circuit

• Conclussion and recomendation

 Introduction
• During in the first demonstration day of our internship, we had the

opportunity to follow the full operational process of the industry.

• On this time, we have seen different section those are pre cleaning,
washing, and cleaning operation by using a number of different
integrated machines that is performed before milling operation.
• During our stay in the factory, we have been working in
operational process of the product.
 Cont…
• Most of the machines are cleaning machines.

• Which works with the principle of different vibration mechanisms.

• Like unbalanced load rotation, crank mechanism and using of vibrato
motor.
 Section of the factory
• We have been working in all section of the factory from pre cleaning to the
grinding process.
• When we stay in the factory, we have been working in pre cleaning,
cleaning, Transfer and milling process so we start our work from pre
cleaning of the wheat.
 Cont…
• There are four main sections we have been working. These are: -

 Pre- cleaning
 Cleaning

 Transfer section
 milling
 Pre-Cleaning Section
• In this section we have seen a lot of technique how to produce clean wheat.
• Wheat Kernels are initially moisture in order to soften the bran layer.

• Put through special cleaning machines and magnets to remove foreign

objects such as dirt, straw, stones and metals.
• The kernels are then brushed in order to remove the external part of the
bran and any impurities that may be stuck on the kernel.
 Cleaning Section
• Cleaning Section for the next cleaning section the wheat transfer by the
elevator and it transfer to the separator.
• The silos that hold the wheat have dispensers which may mix various
batches of different types of wheat to produce the final flour product.
• During this process the wheat is cleaned once again to remove any
remaining small impurities like seeds and broken wheat.
 Transferring Section
• After washing the wheat it transfer to the third section that is transferring
section store and conveyor for this section the wheat need for eight hours.
• After eight hours motor 32 stand and the conveyor rotate and push the
wheat to the elevator
• And the elevator transfer the wheat to the next section that is grinding
section before grinding there is small store and the sensor that sense the
amount of wheat.
• When this sore is full motor stop running and transfer the wheat then motor
38 is start to run transfer the wheat to the grinder and vice versa.
 Milling Section
• Four different milling methods were used with the goal of obtaining a
coarse, medium, fine, and extra-fine granulation out of each wheat sample.
• Coarse grind

• Medium grind
• Fine grind

• Extra fine grind

 Induction Motors
• The company uses three phase induction motors.

• The working principle of induction motor is as a general rule, conversion

of electrical power into mechanical power takes place in the rotating part
of an electric motor.
• In dc Motors, the electric power is conducted directly to the armature (i.e.,
rotating part) through brushes and commutator.
• Hence, in this sense, a dc motor can be called a conduction motor.
 Cont…
• However, in a.c. motors, the rotor does not receive electric power by conductio
but by induction in exactly the same way as the secondary of a two-windin
transformer receives its power from the primary.
• That is why such motors are known as induction motors.

Figure 1. Induction motor

 Advantages of induction motor
• It has very simple and extremely rugged, almost unbreakable construction.
• Its cost is low and it is very reliable.
• It has sufficiently high efficiency. In normal running condition, no brushes
are needed, hence frictional losses are reduced. It has a reasonably good
power factor.
 Cont…
• It requires minimum of maintenance. It starts up from rest and needs no

extra starting motor and has not to be synchronized.

• Its starting arrangement is simple.

 Disadvantages
• Its speed cannot be varied without sacrificing some of its efficiency.

• Just like a d.c shunt motor, its speed decreases with increase in load.

• Its starting torque is somewhat inferior to that of a d.c shunt motor

 Controlling Drives System Using

Electromechanical Devices
• the motor is almost an integral part of the machine and it is necessary to

design the motor controller to fit the needs of the machine to which it is

connected.

• The following are the main elements for electromechanically motor

control.
 contactor
• Contactor is an electrically controlled switch (relay) used for switching a

power circuit.

• A contactor is activated by a control input which is a lower voltage /

current than that which the contactor is switching.

Figure 2. Contactor
 Overload Relays
• An "Over current Relay" is a type of protective relay.

• It is used for over current protection, connected to a current transformer

and calibrated to operate at or above a specific current level.

Figure 3. Overload relay

 Push button
• It used to start and stop the controlling circuit.

• If the Push button is green color, it is normally open used to start the

motor and otherwise the color red it is Normally Closed used for stop the

motor.
 Controlling circuit
• The controlling circuit for each motor is direct on-line starter self-hold
mode.
• Principle operation of circuit: - when we press PB2 K1 is energized the
motor start run and press PB1 K1 is de energized then, the motor is stop
rotate.
 Conclusion and recommendation
• When we are stay in the company we are satisfied over all companies’
installation and filling of mechanical machines.
• Keeping this good side, we recommend to the company to adjust the
infrastructures.
• Prepare sources about machine working principles, make workshop class
for internship students, uses reserve power sours, use lift for transporting
wheat and flour, uses level sensor for measuring flour weight, increase
production rate.
 k yo u
Th a n