Science &

Technology
Pre & Mains
TOPIC 1 Akshay Vrat

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Importance of Science and Technology for Civil Services.
• Relevance in CSEs
• Weightage of the subject:
• 2019: 12 Questions
• 2018: 14 Questions
• 2017: 17 Questions
• How to prepare?
• Our Strategy
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Atom
• Sub-Atomic particles
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Atomic Models
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Universe primarily consist of Chemical and Physical entities.

• Fundamental forces of Nature

1. Gravity
2. Electromagnetism
3. Strong Nuclear
4. Weak Nuclear
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Chemical properties of the Nature or Universe
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE

Complete fission of 1 kg of
uranium or plutonium produces
about 17.5 kilotons of TNT-
equivalent explosive energy.
WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
• Isotopes
• Radioactivity
• Nuclear Decay
• Half-life
• Radioactive elements in Nature
3 STAGES OF INDIAN NUCLEAR E. D. PROG.
1st Stage: Fuel: Natural Uranium
Reactor: PHWR
Moderator: D2O
Coolant: D2O
2nd Stage: Fuel: Plutonium
Reactor: FBR
Moderator: No
Coolant: Liquid sodium
3rd Stage: Fuel: Thorium
Reactor: earlier AHWR, now TBR
Moderator: Light Water
Coolant: Heavy Water
APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Health Care
• Nuclear Agriculture
• Food Safety
• Astro-Biology
• Water safety
NUCLEAR FISSION VS FUSION
NUCLEAR FISSION
NUCLEAR FUSION
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• On the basis of energy released:
• Controlled Nuclear Reaction
• Uncontrolled Nuclear reaction
• ITER
• Artificial Sun
• Conditions for sustained Nuclear fusion reaction
• Cryostat
3 STAGES OF INDIAN NUCLEAR E. D. PROG.
1st Stage: Fuel: Natural Uranium
Reactor: PHWR
Moderator: D2O
Coolant: D2O
2nd Stage: Fuel: Plutonium
Reactor: FBR
Moderator: No
Coolant: Liquid sodium
3rd Stage: Fuel: Thorium
Reactor: earlier AHWR, now TBR
Moderator: Light Water
Coolant: Heavy Water
NUCLEAR FUEL
• Fissile Fuel
• Fertile fuel
• Enrichment
• Critical Mass
NUCLEAR REACTOR
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
• Moderator
• Coolant
• Control Rods/ Absorbent Rods
• Breeder Reactor
• Types of Breeder Reactor:
FBR in 2nd Stage
TBR in 3rd Stage
• EPR: European Power Reactor
INDIAN REACTORS

• APSARA
• CIRUS
• DHRUVA
• KAMINI
• PURNIMA
• ZERLINA
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA