Modals

of obligation

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You must
stop
at a red light.

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 18
You have to be over 18
to see the film.

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You mustn’t
take photos.

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You don’t
Museum
have to pay
to enter the museum. Mondays
Free Entry

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He should
go to the hospital.

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He should n’t
draw on the wall.

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Can you remember the rules?
Use must and have to to say ‘this is necessary’:
You must / have to stop at the red light.
Use don’t have to to say ‘this isn’t necessary’:
You don’t have to go to school on Sundays.
Use mustn’t to say ‘don’t do this’:
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
Use should to say ‘it’s a good idea’:
You should go to the doctor.
Use shouldn’t to say ‘it’s not a good idea’:
You shouldn’t go to bed late.
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Speaking
Work in groups. You will read cards and decide what to do.

Youhave
We don’t invent a house
to do robot.
anything. The robot
Thecome
will robothome.
helps Go
youtoand
Cardyour
1.
family around the house.
We have
Onetoday
find thewake
you robot!
upGo to the
and Card 2.
robot is not at home!

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Speaking
Discuss the options in groups and choose. Then talk as a class and move onto
the next card.

Well, I think we have to …

I think we should …

We mustn’t … , because …

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Acknowledgements

The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright
photographs and material:
Slide 4: ©Duygun VURALI/iStock/360/Getty Images

The publishers are grateful to the following illustrators:

Slide 6: ©David Semple; Slide 7: ©David Semple

© Cambridge University Press 2015