CIVIL ENGG MATERIAL

&
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
by Rajan Kumar jha
 BUILDING MATERIAL

 CEMENT
 COARSE AGGREGATE
 FINE AGGREGATE
 BRICKS
 TIMBER
 TAR & BITUMEN
 PAINTS
 CEMENT
CONSTITUENTS

 Lime-62%(provide binding property)

 Silica-22%(provide strength)
 Alumina-5%(quick setting property)
 Calcium sulphate-4%(impart setting action)
 Manganese oxide-3%(provide hardness)
 Iron oxide-2%(provide color)
 Sulphur-1%(provide soundness)
 TEST ON CEMENT

 LAB TEST
 FINENESS MODULUS
 PERMEABILITY APPARATUS TEST
 compressive strength test
 soundness test (le-chateliers apparatus)
 consistency test (to check amount of
water)
 initial setting time test (vicat apparatus)
 final setting time test (vicat apparatus)
 TYPES OF SPECIAL PURPOSE CEMENT

 water resisting cement

 Sulphur resisting cement
 Low heat cement
 High alumina cement
 Water proof cement
ordinary cement is also treated as special purpose
cement by adding suitable admixtures according to purpose.
 CONCRETE

WATER CEMENT RATIO

1. 30% by the wt. of cement + 5% by
the wt. of total aggregate.
2. 28% by the wt. of cement + 4% by
the wt. of total aggregate.
 TEST ON CONCRETE

 slump test
 Vee-bee consistency test
 Compacting factor test
 Flow test
these all tests measure the
workability of concrete.
 TYPES OF SPECIAL PURPOSE CONCRETE

 Ready mix concrete

 Roller compacted concrete
 Light weight concrete/no fine concrete
 Ferro cement concrete
 Fiber reinforced concrete
 Reinforced cement concrete(RCC)
 Pre stressed concrete(PSC)
 Polymers concrete
 Bacterial concrete
 High performance concrete
 Flow concrete
 AGGREGATES

 COARSE AGGREGATE
aggregate which is 100% retained on the
4.75mm sieve(std.)
 FINE AGGREGATE
size less than 4.75mm
 TESTS ON AGGREGATE

 Sieve analysis or fineness modulus test.

 Impacting factor test.
 Aggregate abrasion test.
 BRICKS

Size
(19cm×9cm×9cm)without mortar
(20cm×10cm×10cm)with mortar
frog size (10cm×4cm×1cm)
Weight
3kg in normal dried condition
 TESTS ON BRICKS

1) The color should be homogenous.

2) There should be no any white patches or lime lumps
in the bricks.
3) It should not be break by dropping it from the ht. of
1m
4) Good bricks produced ringing sound when struck with
other bricks.
5) Compressive strength should not be less than 10Mpa.
6) Water absorption by the good bricks when immersed
in water for 24hrs should not be more than 20%.
 TYPES OF BRICKS

1. Ordinary bricks
2. Special type bricks
 Cow nosed-(rounded by both end)
 Bull nosed-(rounded by one end)
 Hollow
 Perforated
 King closer
 Queen closer
TIMBER
 DEFECTS IN TIMBER

 Due to natural forces-(burls, shake)

 Due to insects-(beetles, termites)
 Due to fungii-(dry rot, wet rot, sap
stain, blue stain, brown stain)
 Due to seasoning
 Due to conversion
 BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
 TOPIC TO BE COVERED

 Foundation and its type.

 Masanory and types, Bond.
 Lintels and arches.
 Doors and windows.
 Form work(centering and shuttering)
 Building finishing (plastering and pointing)
Scaffolding
 FOUNDATION

 It is the lowest part of structure which

transfer the load which is coming over it
to the under laying material on which
structure is resting.
 TYPES OF FOUNDATION

1) Shallow foundation (D<=W)

2) Deep foundation (D>W)

 Shallow foundation

 Wall footing
 Continuous footing
 Combine footing
 Raft or mat foundation
 Grillage foundation
 Stepped foundation
 Spread foundation
Spread or combine or continuous
or wall footing
 Grillage foundation

Where the soil has very low bearing capacity we go

for grillage foundation.
 Raft or mat foundation

 Where there is made up soil or soil having low

bearing capacity we go for raft foundation.
 Suitable for water logged area and marine structure.
 The whole area is covered by RCC .
 Deep foundation

Types :

Pile foundation
Well foundation
Under reamed pile foundation
 UNDER REAMED PILE
 MASANORY

To make the structure cheaply we go for masonary

structure.
TYPES :
1) Brick masonary
2) Stone masonary
STONE MASANORY
 BRICK BOND

It is defined as the adjacent layer of bricks in mass of brick

works in which the continuous vertical joint should be
avoided.
TYPES :
1. Half brick stretcher bond.
2. One brick header bond.
3. One brick English bond.
4. One and half brick English bond.
5. Single Flemish bond.
6. Double Flemish bond.
 Lintel and arches

It is a long horizontal or curve member which is placed

over the opening of door and windows, structuraly it is
nothing only a simply supported beam made up of RCC
or steel and used to support the load which is coming
over it.
the bearing capacity of beam should be minimum of
1) thickness of lintel.
2) 1/10 to 1/12 the width of lintel.
ARCHES
 Doors and windows

Doors:
it should be avoided at the center of the room.
it should be located at the corner of the room and
the distance should be 20cm to 30cm.
windows:
the distance of sill of window from the floor is 70cm
to 80cm.
 Relation between width and height of door

W=(0.4 – 0.6)H
H=(1.2+W)
THANK YOU