CARPENTRY

& MASONRY
HELEED 7
WOODWORKING
it is the skills developed by the students in terms of
measuring, cutting, framing,
joining and finishing wood materials.
CARPENTRY
it is the art and a manner of cutting, forming and
joining wood parts together. It is the art of shaping
and assembling structural woodwork.
CARPENTER
A builder or a skilled craftsman who perform
carpentry works.
MASONRY
Is the building of structures from individual units laid
in and bound together by mortar. In most cases. It is
use in industrialized nations. Brick and concrete
block are the most common types of masonry. It may
be either weight-bearing or a veneer.
PARTS OF WOOD
BARK
is the outermost layer of stem and root of woody
plants.

CAMBIUM LAYER
a thin layer of generative tissue lying between the
bark and the wood of a stem
SAPWOOD
is the living, outermost portion of a woody stem.

HEARTWOOD
inner parts of the wood which is made up of
accumulated dead cells
PITH (MEDULLA)
is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. It is located
in the center of the stem.
TYPES OF
WOODS
LUMBER
YARD LUMBER
MANUFACTURED WOOD
DEFECTS OF
WOODS
KNOT
branch or limb of a
tree that has been
exposed as the log is
cut into lumber.
CHECK
lengthwise separation
of the wood like a
small crack of split.
SPLIT
lengthwise break or
big crack in the
board.
DECAY
rotting of wood.
STAIN
discoloration of the
wood surface.
WANE
lack of wood on the
face of the piece.
WARP
any variation from a
tree of plane surface. It
includes crack, bow,
cup, wind (twist) or
any combination of
this.
THE
MEASUREMENT
S
THE ENGLISH OR INCH
SYSTEM
THE METRIC SYSTEM
(SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL
MEASUREMENT)
 THE METRIC SYSTEM
LENGTH WEIGHT VOLUME
1 km = 1,000 m 1 kg = 1,000 g 1 kL = 1,000 L
1 m = .001 km 1 g = .001 kg 1 L = .001 kL
1 m = 100 cm 1 g = 100 cg 1 L = 100 cL
1 cm = .01 m 1 cg = .01 g 1 cL = .01 L
1 m = 1,000 mm 1 g = 1,000 mg 1 L = 1,000 mL
1 mm = .001 m 1 mg = .001 g 1 mL = .001 L
 COMMON INCH/ METRIC
CONVERSION
INCH SIZE MILLIMETER CENTIMETER DECIMETER METER (m)
(mm) (cm) (dm)

1 in. 25.4 2.54 0.254 0.0254

1 ft. 304.8 30.48 3.048 0.3048
1 yd. 914.4 91.44 9.144 0.9144
 CLASSIFICATION, DESCRIPTION AND
MEASUREMENT OF LUMBER
SURFACED TWO SIDES OR S2S Lumbers are planed or smooth on two sides.

SURFACED FOUR SIDES OR S4S

Lumbers are planed or smooth on four sides.

SURFACED IN TWO SIDES AND The board has been surfaced S2S first, then one edge
ONE EDGE OR S3S is ripped straight.

ROUGH LUMBER Pieces of wood unplanned usually passes exact

dimension in T, W, L
SURFACED LUMBER Planed lumber usually lessened in actual size by
about 3/8 of an inch.
LUMBERS ARE SOLD FOLLOWING
THE DESCRIPTION:
PRICES OF LUMBER RANGES
ACCORDING TO THE
FOLLOWING:
 Types of wood
 Dimensions
 Grades of Lumber- either sun dried, air dried,
or kiln dried.
UNIT OF
MEASUREMENT
OF WOOD
BOARD FOOT- unit of measurement for
lumber
 FORMULA:
EXAMPLE: (T” x W’ x L’)/12
How much will Mr. Smith pay if he purchase 15 Total Amount:
pieces of 4” x 6’ x 10’ of lumber and the price per 20 bd. ft. x 15 = 300 bd.
board foot is ₱12.50? ft.

Bd. ft.= 4” x 6’ x 10’ Total Amount:

300 bd. ft. x ₱12.50
12
Bd. ft.= 240 = ₱ 3, 750.00
12
Bd. ft.= 20
BASIC CONSIDERATION ON
THE QUALITY OF WORK
DONE:
 Quality of Wood selected
 The design of the project
 The skill and basic processes involved in
making the project