Home Work: 5

SALMAN KHAN
ID: 2022290044
Smart Drilling Fluids
• SMART FLUIDS TECHNOLOGY
• Various definitions have been suggested for smart fluids in the
literature, but comprehensive definition is: type of fluid which
alters its properties in response to applied external agents
(magnetic field, electric field, pressure, temperature, and etc.) or
by modifying fluid characteristics like: pH, osmosis pressure,
concentration of specific ion and etc.
• The concept of smart fluids was introduced in 1996 by
applications like: damper or vibration absorbers and break in
vehicles and airplanes, artificial prosthetic bodies in medical
rehabilitation
Smart Fluids Controllable with External Fields
MR and ER Fluids
A type of smart fluid comprises a suspension of micro sized particles
in a dielectric carrier liquid which its flow properties can be changed
through application of a low-power control signal.
There are two main classes of these smart fluids: electrorheological
(ER) and magnetorheological (MR). ER fluids generally consist of
semi-conducting particles suspended in dielectric oil, whereas MR
fluids use magnetiseable particles suspended in a non-
magnetiseable carrier liquid. In both cases the flow mechanism is
the same: excitation of the fluid by the appropriate field (electric or
magnetic, respectively) causes polarization and subsequent
alignment of the particles suspended within the liquid.
• The resulting chain structure is held in place by the applied field,
and hence resists fluid flow. The resulting behaviour is analogous
to the class of fluids known as Bingham plastics –non-Newtonian
fluids capable of developing a yield stress.
• For smart fluids, this yield stress is a function of the applied
electric or magnetic field. However, once this yield stress is
exceeded, the behaviour of the smart fluid deviates from that of a
Bingham plastic.
• This is attributable to a breakdown of the chains of particles under
the forces of the fluid flow, and results in a shear stress /shear
rate characteristic that is highly non-linear.
Smart Fluids Controllable by modifying fluid Characteristics
This type of smart drilling fluids is controlled by changing fluid related
characteristics like: pH, osmosis pressure, ion concentration.A well-
known sample of this type is smart water used in EOR. In this type of
smart fluid concentration of specific ion present in water is modified such
that interact with reservoir rock surface and change it’s wettability and
increase oil recovery consequently.
Application of Smart Fluids in Drilling Fluids
Using smart fluids technology in drilling fluids initiated in 2009. Due
to problems arising from improper action of drilling fluids a new
generation of drilling fluid was introduced which was developed by
addition of property controllable by external parameters (electric and
magnetic field, pressure, temperature and etc.)some application of
smart fluids in drilling fluids are:
• Variable density drilling fluids
• Drilling mud with magnetic nanoparticles
• Reversible invert emulsion drilling mud
• Viscoelastic surfactant drilling mud
Thank You