PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL

Awareness Onboard
Ship Situations
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Prepared by: Group 4
Gerald Gabin Joshua Lantaca
Reden Heyres James Russel Lim
Ryzen Huliganga
Too many ships are grounding, colliding or coming into
close quarters with each other simply because masters
are unaware of what is happening within and around
their ships. In other words, they lacked situational
awareness
Situational awareness means: having a good perception
of your surroundings at all times comprehending what's
happening around you predicting how this will affect
your ship.
• Having mode awareness—know your boat's
configuration, equipment and systems. These systems
include auto pilot, radar, GPS, AIS, compass,
propulsion and their engaged modes. Be aware of the
status of your boat's systems.
• The following are what you need to know to have
good situational awareness: Be aware of your
environment, including: other ships in the area
communications between vessel traffic services and
other ships weather sea state depth of water tide and
current
• Most important: Situational awareness is absolutely
critical to navigators. You need to be aware of your
environment at all times, understand it and then act
correctly. All available means: Use all available
means, all your senses (eyes, ears, touch, nose etc…)
and all available tools (Radar, AIS, GNSS, radio,
etc…)
Perception—use your senses

• Build a mental picture of your environment,

using vision, hearing and touch to scan the
environment.

• Then direct your attention to the most important

and relevant aspects of your surroundings and
compare this experience with knowledge built up
in your memory.
• For example, gather passage plan data,
including safe navigational tracks, available
depths of water, weather, sea state, current and
tides, fuel reserves, speed.
Understand—create a mental picture

• Understanding is a combination of real world

observations, knowledge and experience.

• By matching observations with knowledge and

experience you develop an accurate mental
picture of your environment.

Keep the mental picture up-to-date with inputs

from the wide range of real world information
available to you.
Thinking ahead—projection

• Understanding allows you to think ahead and project

into the future environment. This step is crucial in
the master's decision making process and requires
that your understanding, based on gathered data, is
as accurate as possible.

It simply is 'sailing ahead of the ship'.

For example, projected voyage plan data including

sailing time, estimated time of departure, deviation,
fuel usage, refuelling stops, estimated time of arrival.
 THANKYOU, 
AND HAVE A GOOD DAY!
QUESTIONS:
QUESTIONS?