Network

Topologies.. Click icon to add picture

Megha Bansal (2021451)​

INTRODUCTION

TYPES

SUMMARY
Introduction
Network Topology is an arrangement of
various components such as nodes, links, and
devices of a network and how they interact. It
can be utilized to define how different
telecommunication networks are arranged,
including computer networks, command &
control radio networks, and industrial field
buses.
Network topology helps in network
visualizations, device monitoring, and
diagnosing issues in a network.

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 TYPES
Bus Star
topology topology

Ring Mesh
topology topology

Tree Hybrid
topology topology
 BUS TOPOLOGY

Also known as backbone or line topology, bus topology

arranges each device in the network to a single cable that
runs along with the network in one direction. In this
configuration, data also flows along the cable route linearly.

Advantages
• It is suitable for smaller networks due to its simple layout
• This layout is flexible, expandable, and reliable
• Using a single cable to Easy to connect devices or remove them
without affecting other devices in the same network
• Transmit data between devices is cost-effective

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 STAR TOPOLOGY
This network topology is common where all the nodes or devices are
connected directly to a central hub through coaxial, fiber-optic, or twisted-
pair cables. The central node acts as a server and is responsible for
managing data transmission repeatedly to avoid data loss.

Advantages
• Convenient to manage the network from the hub
• You can easily add, change, or remove devices easily without
impacting the entire network.
• In the event of a node failure, the network continues functioning;
hence, reliable and secure.
• Needs fewer cabling for connection
• This layout helps identify errors in the network easily so you can
rectify them quickly.

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RING TOPOLOGY
In this configuration, all the nodes are connected in a circle. Here, data
transmission occurs in one or both directions (half-duplex or full-
duplex). Half-duplex involves data transmission in one direction only,
clockwise or anticlockwise . However, it is possible to convert ring
topology into a full-duplex or dual-ring topology. In this case, data
transmission occurs in anticlockwise and clockwise directions using
two concentric circles or cables connecting each node.
Advantages
• It reduces the risk of packet collision due to circular data flow
• High speed due to data transmission in one direction without errors
• Suitable for heavy traffic
• More data security in the dual ring topology
• Cost-effective to install

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 MESH TOPOLOGY
Mesh topology forms a web-like structure where devices are maintained in point-to-
point connection directly, dynamically, or non-hierarchically to as many devices as
possible for better data transmission. Or, you can say they are connected in either full
mesh or partial mesh. In partial mesh, devices are interconnected with 2-3 connections,
while full mesh interconnects all the devices in the network. Here, data flows in two
methods – routing and flooding.
Advantages
• Offers more stability and reliability with the complex interconnection
of nodes, making the network failure resistant
• Even if a node goes down, it doesn’t bring the entire network offline
• Can handle heavy traffic as various nodes transmit data at a time
• Adding more devices won’t overburden your network or impact data
transmission; hence, more scalability

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TREE TOPOLOGY
A central hub functions as a tree trunk in tree topology and is connected to
other devices or nodes extending outwards like branches. The network is
arranged in a parent-child hierarchy. Tree topology must have a minimum
of three hierarchy levels where two directly connected nodes share a mutual
connection. This arrangement combines star and bus topologies, leveraging
circular and linear fashions, respectively. Tree topology is used in Wide
Area Networks (WANs) due to more scalability and flexibility.

Advantages
• The arrangement is easy to manage and maintain
• You can add or remove nodes without impacting the entire network
• The parent-child hierarchy also makes it easy to detect errors and
troubleshoot them

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HYBRID TOPOLOGY
As the name suggests, hybrid technology combines multiple
topologies like bus topology, star topology, and ring topology.
Examples of hybrid topology can be tree topology that mixes bus and
star topologies, star-ring, etc. Its choice and usage depend upon the
deployment and your network requirements, such as desired
performance, number of nodes, location of nodes, and more. Hybrid
topology is commonly used in big enterprises with separate
departments having personalized network arrangements based on their
usage and network needs.
Advantages
•Combining multiple topologies offers better scalability, data security,
and reliability.
•The flexibility of modifying the arrangements based on company
requirements
•Can handle more nodes

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 Summary
Hence , Network topology is used to describe
the physical and logical structure of a
network. It maps the way different nodes on a
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network--including switches and routers--are
placed and interconnected, as well as how
data flows. A well-planned network topology
enhances the user experience and helps
administrators maximize performance while
fulfilling business needs.

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Thank you
Megha Bansal
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2021451
B.com hons Sec.(B)