Network

Topologies.. Click icon to add picture

Megha Bansal (2021451)​

 Content..

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Introduction Types Why is network Summary End
topology crucial

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Introduction
Network Topology is an arrangement of various
components such as nodes, links, and devices of a
network and how they interact. It can be utilized
to define how different telecommunication
networks are arranged, including computer
networks, command & control radio networks,
and industrial field buses.
Network topology helps in network visualizations,
device monitoring, and diagnosing issues in a
network.

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Network: In computing, a network refers to an arrangement of two or more computers, devices, or
nodes communicating with each other through a wireless or wired connection.

Topology: The way nodes interact in a network is topology, which administers data flow between these
nodes. The word “topology” is taken from Greek words:
Topo = Place
Logy = Study

So, topology refers to how computers are connected in a network, sharing information. And network
topology is how computers are arranged logically or physically to share information, serving different
purposes.
In network topology, there are two ways of connecting nodes – logically and physically.

•Physical network topology: Connections between nodes can be made with cables, wires, etc.

•Logical network topology: Describes how computers communicate internally, the data flowing
between them in the network, and the path it takes. It is done through the cloud or virtual resources.

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TYPES
Bus Topology

Star Topology

Ring Topology

Mesh Topology

Tree Topology

Hybrid Topology
BUS TOPOLOGY
Also known as backbone or line topology, bus topology arranges
each device in the network to a single cable that runs along with the
network in one direction. In this configuration, data also flows
along the cable route linearly.

Advantages
• It is suitable for smaller networks due to its simple
layout
• This layout is flexible, expandable, and reliable
• Using a single cable to Easy to connect devices or
remove them without affecting other devices in the
same network
• Transmit data between devices is cost-effective

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STAR TOPOLOGY
This network topology is common where all the nodes or devices are
connected directly to a central hub through coaxial, fiber-optic, or twisted-
pair cables. The central node acts as a server and is responsible for
managing data transmission repeatedly to avoid data loss.
Advantages
• Convenient to manage the network from the hub
• You can easily add, change, or remove devices easily without
impacting the entire network.
• In the event of a node failure, the network continues
functioning; hence, reliable and secure.
• Needs fewer cabling for connection
• This layout helps identify errors in the network easily so you
can rectify them quickly.
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RING TOPOLOGY
In this configuration, all the nodes are connected in a circle. Here, data
transmission occurs in one or both directions (half-duplex or full-duplex).
Half-duplex involves data transmission in one direction only, clockwise or
anticlockwise . However, it is possible to convert ring topology into a full-
duplex or dual-ring topology. In this case, data transmission occurs in
anticlockwise and clockwise directions using two concentric circles or
cables connecting each node.
Advantages
• It reduces the risk of packet collision due to circular data flow
• High speed due to data transmission in one direction without errors
• Suitable for heavy traffic
• More data security in the dual ring topology
• Cost-effective to install
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MESH TOPOLOGY
Mesh topology forms a web-like structure where devices are maintained in point-
to-point connection directly, dynamically, or non-hierarchically to as many devices
as possible for better data transmission. Or, you can say they are connected in
either full mesh or partial mesh. In partial mesh, devices are interconnected with 2-
3 connections, while full mesh interconnects all the devices in the network. Here,
data flows in two methods – routing and flooding.
Advantages
• Offers more stability and reliability with the complex interconnection of
nodes, making the network failure resistant
• Even if a node goes down, it doesn’t bring the entire network offline
• Can handle heavy traffic as various nodes transmit data at a time
• Adding more devices won’t overburden your network or impact data
transmission; hence, more scalability
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TREE TOPOLOGY
A central hub functions as a tree trunk in tree topology and is connected to
other devices or nodes extending outwards like branches. The network is
arranged in a parent-child hierarchy. Tree topology must have a minimum
of three hierarchy levels where two directly connected nodes share a mutual
connection. This arrangement combines star and bus topologies, leveraging
circular and linear fashions, respectively. Tree topology is used in Wide
Area Networks (WANs) due to more scalability and flexibility.
Advantages
• The arrangement is easy to manage and maintain
• You can add or remove nodes without impacting the entire
network
• The parent-child hierarchy also makes it easy to detect errors
and troubleshoot them
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HYBRID TOPOLOGY
As the name suggests, hybrid technology combines multiple topologies
like bus topology, star topology, and ring topology. Examples of hybrid
topology can be tree topology that mixes bus and star topologies, star-
ring, etc. Its choice and usage depend upon the deployment and your
network requirements, such as desired performance, number of nodes,
location of nodes, and more. Hybrid topology is commonly used in big
enterprises with separate departments having personalized network
arrangements based on their usage and network needs.
Advantages
•Combining multiple topologies offers better scalability, data
security, and reliability.
•The flexibility of modifying the arrangements based on company
requirements
•Can handle more nodes
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Why is Network Topology Crucial?
Network topology plays a crucial role in determining your network
performance. It includes how well it functions, how strong the nodes and
connections are in the network, and how well it protects from frequent
downtimes or data loss.

Here are the benefits of network topology:

• Proper network functioning: A suitable network
topology helps increase organizational performance as
every node can function well and contribute to smooth
and faster data transmission.

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• Helps troubleshoot issues quickly: The correct network topology helps you
locate and troubleshoot network issues effectively so nothing can compromise your
organizational efficiency.

• Effective resource allocation: It helps allocate all the resources like devices,
bandwidth, etc., effectively across your network to maintain network health.

• Easy to make changes: With a proper network topology, you are familiar with
the network structure and design. It helps you manipulate the network diagram with
ease, and you can add, remove, or rearrange the nodes the way you want.

• Streamlined network management: With a defined network topology, your data

efficiency increases, which helps reduce maintenance and operational expenses.

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 “
I hope this introductory guide
on network topology helps you
understand its core concepts,

”
types, and its significance.

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 Summary
Hence , Network topology is used to describe the
physical and logical structure of a network. It maps
the way different nodes on a network--including
Click icon to add picture switches and routers--are placed and
interconnected, as well as how data flows. A well-
planned network topology enhances the user
experience and helps administrators maximize
performance while fulfilling business needs.

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Thank you
Megha Bansal
Click icon to add picture
2021451
B.com hons Sec.(B)