DEE HWA LIONG ACADEMY

Sta. Maria Compound, Marcos Highway, Santolan, Pasig City

RATIO AND PROPORTION

Lesson 6:
Types of Proportion
Prepared by:
KELVIN ROY L. SAN MATEO
Mathematics Teacher
 DIRECT PROPORTION
Two quantities are said to be directly proportional if as
the value of one quantity increases (or decreases), the
value of the other also increases (or decreases) in such a
way that the ratio of the values of the two quantities
remains the same.
ILLUSTRATION
The cost of 2 pens is P42, when the quantity of pens is
increased to 5 pens, the cost also gets increased to P105;
that is 2 : 5 and 42 : 105 remains the same.
 DIRECT PROPORTION
Suppose we look at the total distance covered by a car
when traveling at a constant rate 40km/hour.
Time (in hours) 1 2 3 4
Total distance traveled (in km) 40 80 120 160

Notice that as the travel time increases, the total

distance traveled also increases.
 DIRECT PROPORTION
Consider the dietary table of Mr. Juan below. The first
row shows the number of servings of rice he ate and the
second row shows the corresponding weight he gain/ loss
No. of Servings of Rice 6 4 3 1
Weight (in kg) gained 2 1.3 0.9 0.4
Notice that as the number of servings of rice decreases,
the total weight gained also decreases. But if we will going
to check the proportionality, we will conclude that the
weight gained per serving of rice is not a proportion.
 DIRECT PROPORTION
Mathematical Definition – The variable y is said to be
directly proportional to x if there is a nonzero constant k for
which:
y  kx
The constant k is called the constant of proportionality
(or the proportionality constant).
 ILLUSTRATION
The number of cars c produced by a plant in a month is
directly proportional to the number of machines m that are
deployed in the plant. Suppose that the plant produces 12
cars in a month when there are three machines.
a. Express the relationship between c and m as an
equation. What is the constant of proportionality?
b. How many cars will be produced if there are four
machines?
c. How many machines will be needed to produce 20 cars
per month?
 ILLUSTRATION
1. Suppose that y is directly proportional to the square of x
a. Write an equation that expresses the relationship
between the two variables; and
b. If y = 15 when x = 3, find the value of y when x = 5
2. If y varies directly as the cube of x, how much is y
affected if x is increased by 20%?
 SEAT WORK
1. The total salary S Lito receives in a month is directly
proportional to the number of days d he works. Suppose
that he earns P10,400.00 after working 20 days.
a. Express the relationship between S and d as an
equation, and find the constant of proportionality;
b. How much will he earn if he works for 15 days?; and
c. How many days he need to work to earn P12,480.00?
2. If y varies directly as the square of x, by what percent is
y decreased when x is decreased by 50%
 INVERSE PROPORTION
Two quantities are said to be inversely proportional if a
change in one produces a change in the other in the
opposite direction that is, an increase in one produces a
decrease in the other, or a decrease in one produces an
increase in the other.
ILLUSTRATION
On increasing the number of workers to complete a
work, the number of days to complete the work will
decrease.
 INVERSE PROPORTION
Mathematical Definition – The variable y is said to be
inversely proportional to x if there is a nonzero constant k
for which:
k
y
x
The constant k is called the constant of proportionality (or
the proportionality constant).
 ILLUSTRATION
The price per square meter p of land zoned for business
is inversely proportional to its distance d to the center of
town. Suppose that a piece of land 1.5 km from the center
of town costs P30,000.00 per square meter
a. Write an equation relating p and d. What is the constant
of proportionality?
b. How much per square meter would a piece of land 2.5
km from the center of town cost?
 ILLUSTRATION
a) If it takes 24 workers one month to finish building a
house, how many workers be needed to finish it in 12
days?
b) If y is inversely proportional to the square root of x, and
y is 16 when x is 0.25, find the value of y when x is 0.64.
c) If y varies inversely as the square of x, how is y affected
when x is halved?
d) If z is directly proportional to x and inversely proportional
3
to y , and z is 12 when x is 3 and y is 2, find z when x
is 1 and y is 4
 PARTITIVE PROPORTION
In a partitive proportion, we wish to divide a total amount
into two or more terms that satisfy a given ratio. To
determine the amount for each term, we can write down
the fraction that each term represents in relation to the
whole. These fractions can then be multiplied to the total
amount to obtain the corresponding quantity for each term.
ILLUSTRATION
Divide 60 into two terms in the ratio 5 : 7
Divide 256 into three parts in the ratio 3 : 5 : 8
 ILLUSTRATION
 A farmer has 3,000 square meters of land in which to
plant rice and corn. How many square meters should be
planted with each crop if the ratio of the area of land for
rice to the area of land for corn must be 5 : 3?
 In their most recent lottery, the sweepstakes office
wishes to give first, second, and third prizes in the ratio
5 : 3 : 2. if they wish to award P37,500.00 to the second
prize winner, how much total prize money will be paid
out to the three winners?
 ILLUSTRATION
 Tommy purchases boxes for his father’s company. His
father asked him to purchased a total of 196 boxes, and
to buy three small boxes for every four large boxes.
How many of each box should he buy?
 The sides of a quadrilateral are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
. If the largest side has length of 15 inches, find the
perimeter of the quadrilateral.