RATIO &

PROPORTION
RATIO
~ a relation between two numbers or two
magnitudes of the same kind.
ex. There are twice as many married employees as single
employees. Find the ratio of married employees to single
employees.

~ 2:1
2 WAYS OF FINDING THE RATIO
a. DIVISION

ex. There are 2O boys and 30 girls , find the

ratio of girls to boys.
30 3
~ 20  3:2
2
2 WAYS OF FINDING THE RATIO
b. COMPARING NUMERATORS OF
FRACTIONS WITH THE SAME DENOMINATOR

ex. If we have a total of 100 t-shirts of 30 small-

sized, 50 medium-sized, and 20 large-sized.
Find the ratio of small to medium to large.
2 WAYS OF FINDING THE RATIO
~ small 30 3

100 10
~ medium 50 5 ratio ~ 3 : 5 : 2

100 10
~ large
20 2 1
 
100 10 5
MORE EXAMPLES
•Liezel, Maricel, and Snooky are
partners. Their capital balances are
P10 000, P20 000 and P30 000
respectively. What is their capital
ratio?
MORE EXAMPLES
•A, B, C and D divided a pie in such a
way that A got 1/5; B got 3/10; C got
1/10; and D got 2/5. Find the ratio in
which the four divided the pie.
MORE EXAMPLES
•Tony has three times as many red
marbles as his black marbles. If he has a
total of 24 marbles; how many are red
and how many are black? What is the
ratio of red to black marbles?
PROPORTION
~ refers to the equality between
ratios. The product of the
extremes
means should be
equal to the product
ex. 1: 2 = 8: 16 of the extremes

means
PROPORTION
ex. 9 63 Cross multiplication:
The product of the
 means should be
7 49 equal to the product
of the extremes
means extremes
3 TYPES OF PROPORTION
a. Direct Proportion ~ when two values will either
increase or decrease together.
ex. If three notebooks cost P15, how many notebooks can
you buy with P60?
3 x 180
a)  c) x 
15 60 15
b)15 x  3(60) d ) x  12notebooks
3 TYPES OF PROPORTION
b. Indirect/Inverse Proportion ~ when one quantity increases the
other quantity decreases.
ex. If it takes 3 people to do a work in 1 month, how long will it
take 6 people to do the same work?

3 x 3
a)  c) x 
6 1 6
1
b )6 x  3 d )x 
2
month
3 TYPES OF PROPORTION
c. Partitive Proportion ~ a whole divided into parts
ex. When a partnership agreement stipulates an agreed
capitalization of P100 000 and the partners X,Y and Z are to
divide the said capitalization in the ratio 1:2:2 respectively, how
much will each of them contribute?

1
X ~ x100000  P 20000
5
3 TYPES OF PROPORTION

2
Y ~ x100000  P 40000
5
2
Z ~ x100000  P 40000
5