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 Ratio is a comparison of two quantities.
A. Give the ratio of the following.
 
1. Eight compared to 28. 8:28 or
2. There are 5 kites to 7 boys. 5:7
3. Each box contains 3 t-shirts. 1:3
B. Express the given ratio in lowest term.
1. 8 boys to 10 girls. 4:5 8:10=4:5
2. 2 dozens to 18 things. 4:3 These are two equal ratios.

3. 40 mins. to 1 hr. 2:3

Proportion is a mathematical statement
expressing equality between two ratios.
terms of the ratio 8:10 = 4:5
antecedent consequent

In proportion, the product of the extremes

must be equal to the product of the means.
means
 
a:b=c:d or then ad = bc
extremes provided b or d is not
equal to zero.
Property 1: Means-Extremes/Cross-Products Property
 

Example:
 
1. 3: 2 = 6: 4 or

(2)(6) = (3)(4)
12 = 12 a=2
2. The measures of two complementary angles has
the ratio of 2 to 3. Find the measure of each angle.
a. Representation:
Let x = smaller angle 36°
90 - x = complementary angle 90°-36° = 54°
b. Equation and Solution:   2(18) = 36
  by cross-product property
  3(18) = 54
ratio: 2 to 3
3x = 2 (90-x) OR complementary angles: the sum
3x =180-2x of 2 angles is 900
3x+2x =180 2x+3x = 90
5x =180 5x = 90
x = 36 x = 18
Property 2: Means-Extremes Exchanging Property
 

Illustration:
     

are also proportions.

Example:
 

 
by the exchanging property of proportion

 
by the exchanging property of proportion
Property 3: Upside-Down Property
 

Example:
 

 
by the converse of the
Cross-Product Property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property 4: Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property
 

Example:
 
By applying property 4

   
  

E  

  By applying
D Property 4
S
 

S N
Property 5: Geometric Mean of the Extremes Property
 

Example:
   

   
 

There are two numbers. So, the geometric mean

of the two numbers is the square root of their
  product.    

There are three numbers. So, the geometric

mean of the three numbers is the cube root of
their product.
 

 
 It is formed when two segments
are divided proportionally.
Remember: Corresponding segments are proportional if the
segments of one figure have the same ratio as the segments of
the other.
Example: Segments AC and PQ are divided proportionally by points
S and T respectively. If AS=5, SC=10, and TQ=8, find PT.

A 5 S 10 C P ? T 8 Q
     

 
Therefore, PT=4.
 Triangle Proportionality Theorem (TPT)
⮚ If a segment is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects
the other two sides then it divides those sides proportionally.

  I

 
S T

  3    

x 7   A M
Converse of Triangle Proportionality Theorem
⮚ If a segment divides two adjacent sides of a triangle
proportionally, then it is parallel to the third side of the
triangle.
  I

4  4   S T
 
3 3 ✔
  A M
Corollary to Triangle Proportionality Theorem
⮚ If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the
other two sides, then it produces segments proportional to the
side lengths.
  I

⮚ Find IS, if SA=4, IM=7 and TM=2.  

 
    x
 
x S T
 
  IS = 10
  A M
 Transversals Cut by Parallel Lines
⮚ If three or more parallel lines cut off equal segments on one
transversal, they cut off equal segments on any transversal.
t s

  A P
m >

B Q
n >
   
C R
p >
   
 
   
 
   
 t s
2. If AB=14, BC=x+8, PQ=6 and
A P
m >
QR=12, find x and BC.
  B Q
n >

C R
  1 p >
 
2
 
 
 
 

 
 Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem (TABT)
⮚ If a segment bisects an angle of a triangle, then it divides the
opposite side into segments proportional to the other two
sides. A
 

1. If EN=25, CN=40, AC=18 what is AN?

6  C N
15 E 25
5 40
   

 
 A
2. If CN=10, EN=x, AC=9 and AN=6, find EN?
 
9 6

  3 N
C 10-x E x
2
  10

   
 
 
 

 
 

1. Jane is 20 years younger than her mother. What

is the ratio of Jane’s age to her mother’s age if
she is 14 years old?
 

 
  

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That’s all…
have a blessed day!
 

1. Jane is 20 years younger than her mother. What

is the ratio of Jane’s age to her mother’s age if
she is 14 years old? 14:34
  x=15
 
7x+9x=80
16x=80
35m and 45 m x=5
  

F E
>

  R N
>
  ND=21
I D
>
 
  FI=65
 

x=12
  RI=8
ND=14
 
B
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That’s all…
have a