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Transmission line

Power supply

Transmission line
Transmission line
Quality of Supply

Non – Technical Form (Quantity of Service


Technical Form (Voltage Quantity)
Transparent Tariff Structure)

Quantity of Consumption

Technical Form (Current Quantity) Non -Technical Form (Clearing of


Electricity bill in less time)
PQ Problems

Voltage and Current Variations Events (They are not periodic in nature)

1. Voltage magnitude variation 1. Transients


2. Voltage frequency variation 2. Interruption
3. Voltage fluctuations 3. Under Voltage or Voltage sag
4. Voltage flicker 4. Over Voltage or Voltage shell
5. Current magnitude variation 5. Voltage step variator
6. Current phase variation
7. Current & Voltage imbalance
8. Voltage Distribution
Volts Density
0.12
240
0.10
235
0.08
230
0.06
225
0.04
220
0.02
5 10 15 20 25 30 Time(ms) 220 225 230 235 240 volts
Interrupter Sag Swell
Vb1 Vb3
Vb1 Feeder 2
Feeder 1

Bus 2 Bus 3
Bus 1
L L
O
L
L OO A
A D
O
A AD
D
D

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