WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL APPROACH?

• The biological approach points to inherited predisposition and physiological processes to

explain individual differences in personality. It is a perspective that emphasized the role
of biological processes and heredity as the key to understanding behavior.
WHAT IS HUMANISTIC APPROACH?

• Humanistic approach identifies personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance as

the key causes of differences in personality. This perspective focuses on how human have
evolved and adapted behaviors required for survival against various environmental
pressure over the long course of evolution.
WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL / SOCIAL LEARNING
APPROACH?
• Behavioral/Social Learning approach explains consistent behavior patterns as the result of
conditioning and expectations. This emphasizes the role of environment in shaping
behavior.
WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL PERSONALITY THEORY?

• It is a model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior. This

suggest that personality is result of interaction between individual and environment. The
behaviorist approach view personality as a pattern of learned behaviors acquire through
either classical (Pavlovian) or operant (Skinnerian) conditioning and shape by
reinforcement in the forms of reward or punishment.
WHAT IS SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY?

• It is an explanation of personality that combines learning principle, cognition, and the

effects of social relationships. This theory assumed that crime is learned behavior; People
learn criminal behavior through the groups with which they associate. If a person
associates with more groups that defined criminal behavior as unacceptable, the person
will probably engage in criminal behavior.
WHAT IS SELF-REINFORCEMENT?

• This is the praising or rewarding oneself for having made a particular response. Behavior
and attitudes develop in response to reinforcement and encouragement from the people
around us. Otherwise, childhood experience is important and also believed that the
identity people acquired is formed more by the behaviors and attitudes of others.
WHAT IS IDENTIFICATION?

• It is a feeling from which one is emotionally connected to a person and a way of seeing
oneself as himself or herself. The child admires adults who love and care for him/her and
this encourages imitation.
WHAT IS COGNITIVE APPROACH?

• Cognitive approach looks at differences in the way people process information to explain
differences in behavior. This perspective emphasizes the role of mental processes that
underlie behavior (Burger, 2000). This theory suggests that an individual’s perception and
how it is manifested affect his or her potential to commit crimes.