Friday I can:

use modern classification systems

May 12, 2017 to infer evolutionary relationships

Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(10) Classification Inquiry
(15) GN: Classification
(35) Cladogram Lab
(10) IP: Classification
(5) Exit Ticket
Catalyst
1.Give an example of a virus.
2.Can antibiotics be used to treat viral
infections?
3.You get a disease and your body
recognizes the virus the next time you
are infected. What kind of immunity
is this?
4.You are immune from a disease b/c
you were breastfed. What kind of
immunity do you have?
*Turn in Catalyst Sheet & Unit 5 Packet*

HW: None
 Categorizing Organisms
Part 1: Discuss with your group how you could group the
organisms on your desk into 3 groups.
 Categorizing Organisms
Part 2: Now discuss with your group how you would
organize these organisms according to when in time they
evolved.
Because of evolution
there is great
diversity of life!
Scientists need to organize over 2 million
organisms!
Scientists need to organize over 2 million
organisms!
 Classification
Classification: grouping organisms based on
common ancestors and characteristics.
History of Classification
1. Aristotle classified organisms as either plants
(plantae) or animals (animalia)

But is everything a plant or an animal?

2. Carolus Linneaus
developed the
hierarchical system,
which classifies in
levels based on physical
similarities
 King most general

Phillip

came

over

for

good

spaghetti most specific

Write on your board:
Which is the level more specific than
genus?
Write on your board:
Which is the next level that is more
general than family?
Write on your board:
Which levels are more specific than
order?
Write on your board:
Which is the most general level?
Write on your board:
Which levels are more specific than
family?
Carolus Linneas also developed the system of
binomial nomenclature = naming organisms
with two names.
The scientific name of an organism always consists of
its genus name and its species name.

Genus: Second most specific level

Species: Most specific level
Homo sapiens
Genus species
What genus does this organism belong to? What
species?

Canis familiaris

dog
 What genus does this organism
belong to? What species?

Felis domesticus

cat
 Problems with Classification
What kinds of problems could scientists run into
if they were just grouping organisms by similar
physical characteristics?
 Problems with Classification
What kinds of problems could scientists run into
if they were just grouping organisms by similar
physical characteristics?

Turn and Talk

 Modern Classification
Biologists now group organisms according to their
evolutionary relationships
Scientists use the following criteria to classify organisms:
• Structural similarities: similar fossils or anatomy
• Biochemical analysis: DNA, proteins and amino acids
(still the best)
• Embryology: similar embryos
Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed

You can use them to:

1. Find which organisms are most primitive.
2. Find which organisms are most closely related
Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed

You can use them to:

1. Find which organisms are most primitive.
2. Find which organisms are most closely related
Primitive:
Primitive = old, simple

The most primitive species are at the bottom (left)

The most recent species are at the top (right)

Most primitive Most recent
Common Ancestry

Each branch point represents

the common ancestor of two
species.
Organisms have the traits that come before them
ex. everything after the Perch has lungs
ex. What characteristic does the salamander have that the perch lacks?
Species are closely related if they branch off close together
 Think:

In the cladogram, what

species is most primitive?

In the cladogram, what

species is least primitive?

What traits does the lizard

have?

What traits does the

salamander have?

What is the chimp most

closely related to?

Is the lizard more closely

related to the salamander or
the perch?
How to Make a Cladagram
Found on Alive? Mammal? Walks?
Earth?
Human
Lizard
Rock
Whale
 Candy Cladogram
• Stay with your table ONLY
• Check your answers with me BEFORE you eat
any candy
• Save bags – do not throw out!
• Paper due at end of class
• Work on Phylogenetic Trees Classwork & Exit
Ticket when complete