EARTHQUAKE

AND VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

Here is where your presentation begins

 OBJECTIVES
• Describe the changes an earthquake can bring on
the surface of the earth.
• Describe the changes a volcanic eruption can do
on the surface of the earth.
• Enumerate ways to keep safe when there is an
earthquake or volcanic eruption.
Earth is a dynamic
planet.
Everything inside and around the earth changes.
Earthquake
- An earthquake is the shaking of the ground.
- Earthquake happen when crustal plates moves.
Divergent

Convergent

Transform

Seismograph
TWO TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES
Volcanic Earthquake
-happens with a strong
volcanic eruption.

Tectonic Earthquake
-is caused by the
movement of the earth’s
crust.
 Magnitude and Intensity
Magnitude –refers to the amount of
energy released by an earthquake from
its focus.

is the break
in the ground
caused by the epicenter
pressure of
the moving
rocks.
Magnitude and Intensity

Richter Scale –use in

measuring an earthquake’s
magnitude.

Charles F. Richter
 The Richter Scale
Magnitude
0-1.9 Detected only by seismograph
2-2.9 Hanging objects may swing
3-3.9 Comparable to vibrations of a passing truck
4-4.9 May break windows, cause small or
unstable objects to fall
5-5.9 Damage to well-built structures, severe
damage to poor built ones
 The Richter Scale
Magnitude
6-6.9 Chunks of plaster may fall from walls
7-7.9 Building displaced from foundations; cracks
on Earth’s surface; underground pipes are
broken
8-8.9 Bridges destroyed, few structures left
standing
9 and Near-total destruction
above
 Magnitude and Intensity
Intensity –refers to the effects of the
earthquake as shown in the destruction
of buildings, infrastructures, crops,
as well as number of casualties.
PHIVOLCS
(Philippine
Institute of
Volcanology and
Seismology)
Volcanic Eruption
Volcano –is an opening in
the Earth’s crust.
crater
 Volcanoes vary in size and
shape. Some are just low-lying
depressions while others are
tall. Some are shaped like a
cone while others are like a
dome.
 How does a volcanic eruption
occur?
• When tectonic plates collide,
massive rocks underground
deform and trigger a build-up
of temperature and pressure.
The high temperature and
pressure results in melting
of rocks, producing magma.
 Ash cloud Gases

Crater
Lava
Magma chamber
Vent

The release of magma from crater is

called a volcanic eruption.
 Explosive and Nonexplosive
-when large Pyroclastic materials
amount of
pyroclastic
occurs when gases in magma
materials are are trapped, causing build
ejected by up of pressure in the magma
the volcano chamber.
into the air.

-An explosive eruption can last for several

hours or days.
 Explosive and Nonexplosive

This kind of eruptions -lava just

flow out of
happens when there is less
the crater
pressure in the magma and gaps
chamber. along the
There is less pressure when sides of the
magma is located nearer the volcano.
Earth’s surface.
Experiment Time!
Volcanic Eruption
Steps:
• Prepare your materials;
-volcano
-baking soda
-vinegar
• Put about four tablespoon of baking soda
into the volcano.
• Add 50 ml of vinegar into the volcano.
Effects of Volcanic Eruptions
• Volcanic eruptions can cause
damage to plants, animals,
people, and property. Aside
from destruction, materials
released by a volcano can have
beneficial effects in nature.
Bad Effects of a Volcanic Eruptions
• During a volcanic eruption, very
hot lava flow can burn anything
in its path.
• The mudflow or lahar can cause
landslides, flooding, and
immense damage to buildings
and farms.
• Volcanic ash and dust released
in the air can irritate the lungs
and cause health problems.
• Very strong eruptions can also
trigger earthquake.
Good Effects of a Volcanic
Eruptions
• The pyroclastic materials from a
volcanic eruption can make the
soil fertile.
• The heat inside the volcano
cause gases to come out through
holes or vents called fumaroles.
• Fumaroles can provide
geothermal steam to generate
electricity.
• Eruptions can also produce
industrial materials like pumice
and sulfur.
Ways to keep safe when there is an earthquake.
Before an Earthquake
• Check the structure of your house or building.
• Find the place where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms, and
communication facilities are located.
• Prepare an emergency plan to cope with the disaster.
• Have a stock of potable water, flashlight, radio, batteries, spare
clothes, and some packed.
Ways to keep safe when there is an earthquake.
During an Earthquake
• Keep calm when you feel the earthquake.
• If you are inside the building, go under a desk or table.
• If you are outside, stay away from buildings or electric posts or
anything that might fall.
• Do not use the elevators during and after an earthquake.
• If you are residing near a coastal area, always be aware of tsunami.
Ways to keep safe when there is an earthquake.
After an Earthquake
• Find a safe place when the earthquake is over.
• Check the safety of your family.
• Do not attempt to cross bridges and overpasses which may have
been damaged by the earthquake.
• Keep yourself updated and alert.
Be Safe!
Ways to keep safe when there is a volcanic eruption.
Before a Volcanic Eruption
• Be aware of any unusual volcanic activity.
• Listen to the radio or people of authority for safety instruction.
• Prepare emergency supplies like flashlights, candles, and first aid
kit.
• Stock some food. Evacuate if necessary.
• Prepare masks for the nose and mouth.
Ways to keep safe when there is a volcanic eruption.
During a Volcanic Eruption
• Stay indoors.
• Cover your nose with a mask or damp cloth when volcanic ash or
dust is present in the air.
• Keep your food and water covered.
• Stay away from low places.
• Stay in the evacuation center.
Ways to keep safe when there is a volcanic eruption.
After a Volcanic Eruption
• After an eruption, do not go back home right away.
• Avoid crossing a bridge when lahar flows under it.
• Remove ash from your roofs.
• Check if your drinking water is clear and if the electrical wirings
at home are intact and safe.
Always be ready,
safe, and
updated!
Have a Nice Day!