Performance test on IC

engine by using edible

oils blended with diesel
GUIDE: BATCH 11
Dr.Y.S.KANNAN K.NIKHIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR K.SHARATH BABU
CBIT P.HARISH
ABSTRACT
• To study the feasibility of using edible oils with diesel substitute a comparative
study on their combustion characteristics on a C.I. engine were made. Oils were
esterified (butyl esters) before blending with pure diesel in the ratio of 10:90,
15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 by volume. Pure diesel was used as control. Studies
have revealed that on blending vegetable oils with diesel a remarkable
improvement in their physical and chemical properties was observed. Cetane
number came to be very close to pure diesel. Engine (C.I.) was run at different
loads (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 kg) at a constant speed (1500 rpm) separately on
each blend and also on pure diesel. 
 Methodology:
• Two plant oils viz., mustard and neem oils were selected for the present studies. A total of four different
blends (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) with diesel were made. 
• Oils will be esterified so as to obtain their butyl esters before blending. The main aim of transesterification
is to lower the viscosity of vegetable oils so as to obtain very close to diesel fuel.
• Transesterification is the process in which fat or oil reacts with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol.

properties Diesel UCO BioDiesel

Cetane number 45-55
Specific gravity 0.825
Viscosity mm2/sec 4.7 4.99
Calorific value (MJ/kg) 42
                        Carbon (%) 86
Hydrogen(%) 14
• 1.Prior to the beginning, room temperature in c and atmospheric pressure in mm Hg
are recorded. The engine was started and run for 10 minutes to warm up. The water
flow for the engine was checked.
• 2. The speed of the engine was checked with a tachometer and made sure that it was
1500 rpm throughout the experiment. Slight adjustments were made wherever
necessary with the help of pneumatic governor to maintain constant speed.
• 3.Densities of blended fuels were measured with hydrometer in g/cc.
• 4. Under no load condition, time taken for 10cc of fuel was noted down in seconds
with the help of a stop watch.
• 5. The difference in water level of U-tube manometer was noted down.
• 6. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and water outlet temperature were noted
down from the thermocouple readings
• 7. Now load was gradually applied on the engine using the electrical dyster was
allowed to run for 5 minutes
• 8.Time taken for 10cc of fuel, U-tube manometer reading, load applied, EGT, and y
temperature were recorded.
• 9.The load was further increased in approximately equal steps and the readings were
made an in earlier steps.
• 10 The engine was then stopped by taking suitable precautions. The above
procedure was repeated for different injection pressure and the values were
recorded
FORMULAE:
• 1. Mass of fuel consumed, mf
• mf = Xcc x Specific gravity of the fuel ( kg/sec) / 1000 x t
• Where, SG of Diesel is = 0.827
• Xcc is the volume of fuel consumed = 10 cc
• t is time taken in seconds
• 2. Heat Input, HI
• HI = mf x Calorific Value of Fuel, Kw
• Where, Calorific Value of Diesel = 44631.96 KJ/Kg
• 3. Output or Brake Power, BP
• Engine output BP = 2Π NT /60000 kw
• Where, N = speed in rpm
• T = F x r x 9.81 N-m
• 4. Specific Fuel Consumption, SFC
• SFC = mf x 3600 /BP kg/kW – hr
• 5. Brake Thermal Efficiency, ηbth%
• ηbth% = 3600 x 100 / SFC x CV
• 6. Mechanical Efficiency, ηmech
• ηmech% = BP x 100 / IP
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
Technical specifications of the engine
S.NO DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
1 MAKE KIRLOSKAR
2 ENGINE CAPACITY 625
3 NO OF CYLINDERS 1
4 APPLICATION AUTOMOTIVE(MULTI SPEED)
5 NUMBER OF STROKES 4

6 COMPRESSION RATIO 16:1

7 BORE 80 MM
8 STROKE LENGTH 110 MM
9 IGNITION COMPRESSION IGNITION
10 MAX POWER @RPM 9HP @3000RPM
11 MAX TORQUE@RPM 30NM @1800 RPM
12 NUMBER OF VALVES/CYLINDER 2
Engine test procedure:
• This study was conducted to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a stationary
single cylinder diesel engine run on two different vegetable oils (mustard and neem) and their blends
with diesel (10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 by volume) and also on diesel fuel alone.  Before initiating
the studies, the engine was started and allowed to warm up for about 15 minutes. The engine was
operated first on diesel fuel alone, followed by the two vegetable oils blends. Dynamometer was
coupled to the engine to apply the load on the engine for loading the engine. The fuel flow rate was
measured by timing the consumption for known quantity of fuel (10cc) from a burette.
• Following parameters were recorded:
• (i)Break power
• (ii) Total fuel consumption (TFC)
•  (iii) Specific energy consumption (SEC)
•  (iv) Specific fuel consumption (SFC)
•  (v) Brake thermal efficiency (BTE)
• (vi) Smoke intensity
Observations on Engine by using pure diesel

Current Load(KW) T10cc seconds H1 (cm) H2 (cm) Temp Temp water

(AMP) Exhaust Te0 outlet(0C)
(0C)
0 0 56.39 11 15 175 37.5
3.2 0.736 40.64 11 15 240 40.2
6.8 1.564 36.51 11 15 300 42.1
10.6 2.438 27.85 11 15 375 44.4
13.7 3.151 21.4 11 15 460 48
 S No Break BMEP Mf BSFC Volumetric BTE Air fuel
power(KW) (BAR) (Kg/hr) (Kg/Kw hr) efficiency (%) ratio
(%)

1 0 - 0.5266 - 76.652 - 40.13:1

2 0.92 1.311 0.7308 0.79434 76.652 10.79 28.92:1
3 1.955 2.8266 0.8111 0.41488 76.652 20.659 26.09:1
4 3.0475 4.4093 1.0664 0.3497 76.652 24.494 19.82:1
5 3.93875 5.698 1.3878 0.35241 76.652 25.01 15.23:1

In the above table we can see the values obtained from the experiment. Here we get the values for
exhaust gas temperature, water out let temperature. Here we can see that when the load approaches
from 0% to 100% the value of Te0 varies from 175 to 460 degree Celsius. And BTE value varies
between 10.79% to 25.01%.
And smoke % is 70 for pure diesel, it is compared with edible oil blends.
Expected results:
Variations in parameters for four different blends can be evaluated by plotting
them on graph.

Low smoke intensity and emission of HC and Nox , low total fuel consumption ,
specific fuel consumption, increased break thermal efficiency varation will be
found.
At what percentage of mixture the fuel blend is giving good performance will
be evaluated.
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